University Gambling Essay Example for Free

University Gambling Essay The American psychiatric association considers gambling as a form of an impulse control disorder with the patient having an uncontrollable urge to bet in the hope of making additional money. Gambling is becoming a very common practice as most states rush to legalize gambling as a form of an economic venture. There are a number of benefits to be accrued through gambling but as most scholars have alluded, there are immense social and economic costs involved. The history of gambling dates back to eternity and the holy books of Christians and Jews contain evidence of gambling. Islam has come out outstandingly as one of the religion that has categorically prohibited gambling. Most of the scholarly materials present have paid attention to the effects of gambling neglecting the causes. Few however have been able to hypothesize on the causes often alluding to biological and social causes. Dopamine has been implicated as one of the possible biochemical possible for gambling. According to Rosner Hermes (109), scientists have â€Å"found that the use of some forms of dopamine causes compulsive gambling even when this compulsion did not exist prior to the use of dopamine. † Others have also pointed out that a sudden change in the way the brain functions may cause behavioral and attitude change leading to addictive habits such as gambling. Another lead cause of gambling as with other forms of addictions such as alcohol and drugs is peer influence. Friends and work colleagues may influence an individual to engage in gambling leading to the development of a compulsive urge to gamble. Where research on the causes of gambling is still ongoing to establish whether there is a genetic predisposition to the habit, immense studies on the effects exist with most research pointing to the negative side of gambling. There has been a flurry of opinions in regard it whether indeed gambling leads to economic benefits or not. There are a number of economic benefits to be realized especially in places where casinos are localized. Casinos for example offer ample employment opportunities to the community and also act as important recreation facilities. A look at Las Vegas indicates it is home to thousands of workers. Additionally, extra revenue is racked from tourism as some gambling centers are attractive sites for tourists. More income is generated from the influx of visitors who consume local products. Most analysts agree that this is the furthest that the benefits of gambling extend as the other side of the coin is laden with adverse economic effects both to the individual and to the society at large. Gambling has been identified as the lead cause of bankruptcy. The existing research on the issue indicates that â€Å"about 10% of bankruptcy fillings are linked to gambling losses. † (Webber). While a large number of people engage in gambling, a smaller portion of this that engage in problem gambling ends up in debts led by the belief that the more they spend the higher their chances of winning. It is this indebt-ness that might in the end exceed the annual income that will lead to bankruptcy. Though there is still a raging controversy on whether there is a causal link between the two, tentative conclusions have affirmed the link. The available statistics indicate that bankruptcy for example in the United States has been on the increase, what remains interesting is the fact that such bankruptcy has been on the rise in tandem with the increase in the number of state sanctioned gambling centers. Though there are no available statistics to affirm the claims, available data by most organizations has pointed to this. The lack of adequate national figures to reach the rightful conclusion has been blamed on the reluctance by the victims to reveal the cause of their bankruptcy. Compulsive gambling has been lumped together with drugs and excessive alcohol as a social evil. It is an apparent fact that individuals can be addicted to gambling at chronic levels. Just like addiction to drugs results to mental problems, excessive gambling addiction can lead to psychiatric disorders. This hence leads to additional costs to the society. The government spends a huge amount of money on rehabilitation programs for addicts and similar programs have been unrolled for compulsive gamblers. Tentative studies have also seen a causal relationship between compulsive gambling and alcohol and drug abuse. Most gamblers after reaching the desperation phase result to deceit and fraud to finance their endeavors. This may result to underperformance at work and consequently loss of jobs. This is the time they crumble into the hopeless phase and resort to drugs and alcohol as a way of escaping the reality and numb the existing pain. (Grant et al 1) Another problem that has been linked to gambling is suicide. This is an issue that has attracted studies of late. These studies have been keen to unearth the increase in the number of suicides brought forth by the increase on the number of legalized casinos. These suicides are spread between visitors and people residing in cities which are popular for gambling. One of the cities that have attracted a flurry of attention is Las Vegas which has a record of over four times compared to the cities with no gambling ventures. As has been observed before, gambling occurs in various stages and it is at the desperation phase that a compulsive gambler begins to exhibit anti social behaviors to erase the memories of the constant losses. This leads to excessive alcohol use and drug abuse. This makes the gambler more prone to suicidal behaviors. Studies on the causal relationships between gambling and suicide also found out that suicide is not only limited to the gamblers but also to â€Å"spouses of gamblers or children of gamblers who visit gaming settings in the company of a gambling relative. † (Phillips, Welty Smith) Others who might be caught in the suicidal web are relatives and residences living in gaming settings but who might be involved in gambling. With the rise in the number of legalized gambling centers, the issue of whether there is a causal relationship between crime and gambling has attracted the interest of research. Most, though tentatively, have alluded to the fact that gambling contributes significantly to the rise in crime levels. It is important to observe here that crime is caused by huge amount of factors that might be present in the gambling cities. These may range from increased population, high rates if unemployment, availability of guns and the existing gun laws. It is hence difficult to isolate these factors as having a contributive effect on the level of crime. However, the conclusion reached by most studies has indicted that gaming cities have higher incidences of crime. A look at the small population that engage in compulsive gambling indicate that most had a history of either civil or criminal offenses. Due to the indebtness that come with gambling, most are likely to be engaged in theft, fraud, and drugs using casinos as avenues of money laundering. (Grinols 1) The negative effects of gambling more often than not spills over from the gambler to those that are close to him. Spouses and children are the first to be caught in the crunch. As has been observed, gambling is likely to lead to alcoholism, crime, drug addiction and at a chronic stage, suicide. Whereas most gamblers start betting low using their salaries, savings and finally their family assets, they are in great debt and cannot afford to cater for their family obligations. They also tend to acquire a short temper and may result to violence when queried by their relatives about their gambling habits. A significant number of marriages have been brought to an end by one of the spouse being a compulsive gambler. Children hence may not thrive well in such an environment and may face financial hardships and drop out if schools. Gambling also passes off huge losses to the society due to increase in crime, increased alcohol and drugs abuse as well as the effects of broken up families. Whereas studies on the causes of gambling are still being carried out, it is apparent that there is unanimity that it results to more social and economic losses than benefits. Gambling has been found to lead to indebtness, bankruptcy and most likely to suicide. Though it has a number if economic benefits such as extra revenue and employment opportunities, the social ills associated with the practice have led to its criticism. Works Cited Stanley Rosner, Patricia Hermes. The Self-sabotage Cycle: Why We Repeat Behaviors That Create Hardships and Ruin Relationships. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2006, 109 Alexander L. Edgar, Ellen L. Triebold, Gambling On Dischargeability. Retrieved on February 28, 2009 from http://www. usdoj. gov/ust/eo/public_affairs/articles/docs/gambling. htm Jon E. Grant, Matt G. Kushner. , and Suck Won Kim. Pathological Gambling and Alcohol Use Disorder, 109. Retrieved on February 28, 2009 from http://pubs. niaaa. nih. gov/publications/arh26-2/143-150. pdf. Christian Marfels. Gambling and Suicide: Evidence from the Las Vegas Market. Gaming Law Review. February 1, 2001, 5(1): 33-41. Earl L. Grinols. Casino gambling causes crime. University of Illinois. Institute of Government and Public Affairs Policy Forum. Volume 13, Number 2, 2000,1 Retrieved on February 28, 2009 from http://netnebraska.org/television/news/ne_connects/gambling/CasinosCrime. pdf. David P. Phillips, Ward Welty, Marisa Smith. Suicide Life-Threatening` Behavior. Elevated Suicide Levels Associated with Legalized Gambling. University of California at San Diego. December 15, 1997. Retrieved on February 28, 2009 from http://www. responsiblegamblingcouncil. us/articles/Elevated_suicide_levels_associated_with_legalized_gambling. pdf. David Webber. Riverboat Gambling in Missouri: A Risk that should NOT have been Taken. May 1, 2002. Retrieved on February 28, 2009 from http://web. missouri. edu/~webberd/ganbling. memo

A Study On Australian Globalization Economics Essay

A Study On Australian Globalization Economics Essay The effects of Globalization are manifold, affecting various aspects of the world economy to bring about overall financial betterment. The impact of Globalization exerts intense influence on the financial condition as well as the industrial sector of a particular nation. Globalization creates markets based on industrial productions across the world. This in turn, widens the access to a diverse variety of foreign commodities for consumption of the customers, owing to the marketing strategies undertaken by different corporations. Economywatch.com states that In the world economic arena, Globalization facilitates the formation of a common worldwide market, on the basis of the liberal exchange of both cash and kinds. Globalisation has largely benefited the Australian economy. As Australia has an abundance of natural resources that our whole population cannot use, the extra surplus is sold to other countries that have a demand for the resources, giving us a world market of over 6.5 billion people. Skwirk.com states that Australia As a country with a stable government and substantial revenue, globalisation, in many ways, has been positive. Australia has not fallen into the cycle of debt that many developing nations have suffered, nor have we been adversely affected by bad investments. Australias strong economy has therefore been strengthened during the globalization time. An international trade theory can be seen as a measure to address problems in a country which has high unemployment, inflation or a weak macro economy. One international trade theory is known as mercantilism, and this theory suggests that a government can improve its economic well-being for the country by increasing exports and reducing imports. Two of the other main trade theories are known as absolute advantage and comparative advantage. If a country has an absolute advantage over its trading partners, it is able to produce more of a good or service with the same amount of resources or the same amount of a good or service with fewer resources, whereas a country that has a comparative advantage in the production of a good or service, produces it at a lower opportunity cost than its trading partners. According to Ahsan Kaleem, The theory of comparative costs argues that it is better for a country that is inefficient at producing a good or service to specialise in the production of th at good it is least inefficient at, compared with producing other goods. Another important trade theory known as the factor endowment theory, strongly supplements the theory of comparative advantage by bringing consideration to the endowment and cost of factors of production. The theory states that countries with a big labour force will focus on labour intensive goods, and countries with more capital will focus on producing goods that are capital intensive. Economywatch.com states that The benefits of international trade have been the major drivers of growth for the last half of the 20th century and nations with strong international trade have become prosperous and have the power to control the world economy. There are a few more important benefits of international trade, one of which is the fact that it enhances the domestic competitiveness and takes advantage of international trade technology. An increase in sales and profit can be made through international trade and an extend sales potential of the existing products is created. In an international trade market, the ability to maintain cost competitiveness in a domestic market is achievable and the potential to expand a business is enhanced. There is a reduce in dependence on existing markets within the global trade scene and a stabilisation of seasonal market fluctuations can also be achieved. A government may choose to intervene in international trade largely based on the fact of wanting to change the allocation of resources and achieve what they perceive to be an improvement in economic and social welfare. Geoff Riley states that all governments of every political persuasion intervene in the economy to influence the allocation of scarce resources among competing users. The main reasons for policy intervention are to correct for market failure, to achieve a more equitable distribution of income and wealth and to improve the performance of the economy. There are many ways in which intervention can take place; these include government legislation and regulation, the direct state provision of goods and services, the fiscal policy intervention and an intervention designed to close the information gap. Regulation can be used to introduce fresh competition into a market whereas the state funding can be used to provide goods and services and public goods directly to the population. The fiscal policy can be used to alter the level of demand for different products and also the pattern of demand within the economy. Market failure often results from consumers suffering from a lack of information about the costs and benefits of the products available in the market. Through government action, and increase in information to help consumers and producers value the true cost and benefit of a good or service can be found. The global trade system can have a variety of different implications if it is not conducted in the correct manner. International trade may discourage the growth of domestic industries and excessive exports may cause quick depletion of natural resources of a country. Global trade may create economic dependence which may threaten political independence and in the case of intense competition, exports may lead to rivalry among nations. Also, Soumya Singh believes that too much dependence on imports may undermine the economy of a country and developed countries may economically exploit the underdeveloped countries that are dependent on international trade for their economic development. The globalisation of markets and the development of the global economy have had a definite impact on both the international and Australian economies. There are many benefits to be gained through international trade; however, if it is not conducted in the correct manner, there could also be many implications. Through the various trade theories and government intervention, the most effective way for each country to be involved within the international trade market can be utilised, and as a result, can boost the global economy and support the idea of globalisation. Sources: Kaleem, A, 2005, International Trade Theories [online]. Available from: http://bizeco.blogspot.com.au/2005/06/international-trade-theories.html [September 2012] Economywatch.com, 2010, Benefits of International Trade [online]. Available from: http://www.economywatch.com/international-trade/benefit.html [September 2012] Economywatch.com, 2010, Effects of Globalization [online]. Available from: http://www.economywatch.com/economics-theory/globalization/effects.html [September 2012] Riley, G, 2006, Government Intervention in the Market [online]. Available from: http://tutor2u.net/economics/revision-notes/as-marketfailure-government-intervention-2.html [September 2012] Singh, S, 2012, What are the Disadvantages of Foreign Trade? [online]. Available from: http://www.preservearticles.com/2012022923900/what-are-the-disadvantages-of-foreign-trade.html [September 2012] skwirk.com, 2012, Globalisation in Australia [online]. Available from: http://www.skwirk.com/p-c_s-57_u-507_t-1374_c-5292/globalisation-in-australia/qld/sose-geography/the-global-citizen-ecology-and-economy/globalisation [September 2012]

Bankruptcy Law :: Papers

Bankruptcy Law The federal statute for the form of bankruptcy commonly known as Chapter 13 is cited in legal briefs as 11 USC CHAPTER 13 - ADJUSTMENT OF DEBTS OF AN INDIVIDUAL WITH REGULAR INCOME. Section 1301 this code not only relieves the bankrupt debtor, but it also relieves the codebtor. US Code as of: 01/23/00 Sec. 1301. Stay of action against codebtor (a) Except as provided in subsections (b) and (c) of this section, after the order for relief under this chapter, a creditor may not act, or commence or continue any civil action, to collect all or any part of a consumer debt of the debtor from any individual that is liable on such debt with the debtor, or that secured such debt, unless - (1) such individual became liable on or secured such debt in the ordinary course of such individual's business; or (2) the case is closed, dismissed, or converted to a case under chapter 7 or 11 of this title. (b) A creditor may present a negotiable instrument, and may give notice of dishonor of such an instrument. (c) On request of a party in interest and after notice and a hearing, the court shall grant relief from the stay provided by subsection (a) of this section with respect to a creditor, to the extent that - (1) as between the debtor and the individual protected under subsection (a) of this section, such individual received the consideration for the claim held by such creditor; (2) the plan filed by the debtor proposes not to pay such claim; or (3) such creditor's interest would be irreparably harmed by continuation of such stay. (d) Twenty days after the filing of a request under subsection (c)(2) of this section for relief from the stay provided by subsection (a) of this section, such stay is terminated with respect to the party in interest making such request, unless the debtor or any individual that is liable on such debt with the debtor files and serves upon such party in interest a written objection to the taking of the proposed action.

DOROTHY Essay -- essays research papers

"Dorothy Jean Dandridge" was born on November 9,1922, in Cleveland, Ohio. Her parents (Cyril and Ruby Dandridge) had a troubled marriage, which eventually lead to them going their separate ways. Ruby met the new "love" of her life, a woman, later was much despised by Dottie. She was very domineering and abusive toward Ruby's two children, especially Dottie. Early in their youth Ruby and her friend trained them for performing onstage. Between the ages 4-6 depending on who you ask, was about the time Dorothy and Vivian began performing publicly in Baptist churches, and they toured the country as the gospel singing act, the "Wonder Children "Around the 1930's Dottie &Vivian joined a third girl (Etta Jones) in a song and dance act known as the "Dandridge Sisters" Hard times and the Great Depression forced them to move to Hollywood, where, at age16, "Dandridge Sisters" Dorothy danced with Bill "Bojangles" Robinson in "The Big Broadcast of 1936." The same year she sang at legendary Cotton Club in Harlem, where she first met Harold Nicholas, her future husband. Harold was the younger member of the "Nicholas Brothers". They danced with Gene Kelly in "The Pirate". At 17she was performing in Benny Goodman's musical, "Swinging the Dream". Dorothy Dandridge had a natural beauty, and an ideal figure to match! Dottie suffered from severe stage fright, but despite this, she played the...

The Pitfalls of Commercialization: Uncontrolled Fabrication of Cultures

The Pitfalls of Commercialization: Uncontrolled Fabrication of Cultures? Most societies go through the process of Sociocultural Evolution as they aggrandize and develop. Sociocultural evolution is constituted by the doctrines of cultural and social evolution, deciphering how cultures and societies have transformed over time. It refers to the process by which structural reorganization is affected through time, eventually producing a form or structure which is qualitatively different from the ancestral form. The perpetual adaptation to environmental changes enables societies to improve their way of living by gaining efficiency (through technological innovations) and creativity. This analysis will discuss Ritzer’s (1983) The McDonaldization of Society and Instant Karma: The Commercialization of Asian Indian Culture (Sandhu 2004) – which talks about two distinctive cultural societies that are lost beyond the shuffle of commercialization. Sociologist George Ritzer (1983) expands the perspicacity of The McDonaldization of Society in which he elucidates that McDonaldization occurs when a culture possesses the idiosyncrasies of a fast-food restaurant. Ritzer (1983) argues that the model of rationalization in contemporary America is no longer a bureaucracy, but rather a fast-food restaurant as a more archetypal paradigm. The author discusses the magnitudes of rationalization that the changing societies pose (efficiency, predictability, calculability, and control over uncertainty) and the irrationality of rationality. Ritzer (1983) emphasizes the four primary constituents of McDonaldization (efficiency, calculability, predictability, and control). The first component, efficiency, suggests the optimal capacity of the method for accompl... ...tance of such practice and tradition. The biggest concern is the issue behind the ethnic identity confusion from the aftermath of this craze. For the young adults, such cultural practice and tradition are what constitute a huge part of their identity. For those who are just along for the ride, this is just a mere fashion statement, a fad—something temporary. The transition from foreign to fashionable removed Asian Indians from their own culture, customs, and traditions (Sandhu 2004). Assuredly, such obstacles in changing societies are bound to happen. As we adapt to our environment and culture, we learn ways that can help with innovation and development of societies. Gaining a real perspective and having a control over the situations is going to help eliminate the formation of irrationality of rationality, and establish a solid foundation for ethnic identities.

Civil War Inevitable Essay

By the end of 1854 the two sections, the North (Union) and the South (Confederacy) had reached an impasse and that Civil War was inevitable sooner or later. The conflicts grew tension between the two, the manufacturing section of the North and the agricultural South, which led to Civil War. Between the North and the South there were economic, social and political differences. The North had a number of goals concerning slavery and the South. The North wanted to abolish slavery, stop the spread of slavery in the western territories, and the spreading of slavery in Kansas. And the immediate reason for the Civil War was to save the union. While the South wanted to continue slavery, spread slavery throughout the western territories, and ensure establishment in Kansas territory. Nevertheless, after seizing Mexico and the spreading of territories westward the South depended highly on slavery because of the â€Å"cotton king†. One of these territories included the Kansas-Nebraska where many newcomers and the proslavery settlers began to move into the territory. In this territory after the 1852 election, the temporary peace of the Compromise of 1850 came to an end. Senator Stephen Douglas passes the Kansas-Nebraska Act which created two new territories of Kansas and Nebraska. The status of slavery in the area was decided to be by popular sovereignty. This act wrecked two compromises The Compromise of 1820, and 1850, and the democratic party. While the act formed a new party: the Republicans. Throughout many compromises, and conflicts one of the large decisions was the Dred Scott decision. Dred Scott, who had lived in Illinois for 5 years with his master, sued his master for his freedom because Illinois was a free state. The decision concluded by the court ruled that because the slave was a property the master could take them in any area. With this decision it delighted the Southerners’, while it made the Northerners’ angry. As the North and the South became angry at each other and took different sides, one of the main conflicts was the election of 1860. The new Republican Party chose Abraham Lincoln for their candidate, which won for president. Now with Lincoln being the president the south felt very uncomfortable since Lincoln wanted a preserve union and anti-slavery. For  this reason South Carolina succeed from the union. As later on more states started succeeding from the Union, where they formed the Confederacy. This outraged the North. Now the North and the South had become two different sections, making the Civil was inevitable. The existence of slavery was the main conflict between the North and the South that led to other conflicts such as the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the Dred Scott decision, and the election of President Abraham Lincoln. The conflicts made the Civil War inevitable to escape. The two sections had two different choices the North wanted to abolish slavery while the South the opposite. But after the South seceded the Civil War started.

The Keys to Successful Parenting

Kendallyn February 7, 2013 Mr. Mellema English 11 The Keys to Successful Parenting Being a successful parent requires a whole lot more than just providing for the physical needs of a child. To achieve being a successful parent, it means to be completely committed to building the well-being of the child. Personally, I think the qualities a successful parent should have is to be completely understanding and supportive, having faith in them, and being full of unconditional love. Having these qualities can have a great outcome of your child's behavior.And I'm sure that's what every parent wants. Showing Support and understanding is key in successful parenting. Understanding your child and taking time out of your day to talk with them and understand them is a very powerful way of showing love and compassion in my opinion. Listening to your kid can, and will draw a closer bond between you and can result in a lot less conflict. I believe by not showing nor having this quality, it can lead t o an unhealthy relationship and disconnection between you and your child.Also, having an absence of someone listening to you and understanding you as a child can result in future problems such as mentally and unhealthy habits. I know this because I have witnessed this in my life. â€Å"Everyone is a genius. But if you judge a fish by its ability to climb a tree, it will live it's whole life believing that it is stupid. â€Å"- Albert Einstein. I think that this quote applies to parenting in some way. I believe that parents should notice and praise all the positive things that a child does in life.It can sure be a confidence boost. You should avoid jokingly calling your child â€Å"dumb†, â€Å"brat†, â€Å"good for nothing,† because there's always that chance that they don’t know you're just teasing them. Some kids take that kind of stuff to heart and start believing that they truly are â€Å"dumb† and ‘good for nothing'. I believe by havin g complete faith in your child not only boosts their confidence, but it makes them realize all the good things they can accomplish. All these qualities are great to have, but I think the absolutely most important quality you hould have is showing and having unconditional love for your children. Growing up, it is inevitable to not make mistakes. It's just apart of life. So when your child does make a mistake, it shouldn’t change how much love you have for them. Without love, there would be no strong foundation to build up a good relationship with your child or even your family. It just wouldn’t be possible to have a healthy stable family if love was absent in your home. I know I'm just a teenager and I have no experience being a parent, but by the looks of it, parenting sure doesn’t look easy.I know there is so much more to being a parent and there are as much responsibilities that reach beyond the moon that goes with it, but I believe by building up these qualit ies that I listed can make parenting a lot more successful and easy on you. So what I'm basically saying is if you keep these qualities in mind, have positive attitude and raise your children with complete positivity and love, there can be a prodigious outcome. And I think that it's totally worth it.