An Introduction to Entrepreneurship Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

An Introduction to Entrepreneurship - Coursework Example Understanding the various perspectives which are a piece of the enterprising practices and desires characterizes the affiliations and jobs that relate to business with the person. Aptitudes, Abilities and Behaviors The summed up idea of being a business person depends on working freely while moving into business tries. In any case, the undertakings which are made contrast from different types of business. The main contrast is noted with an undertaking, which is made through a top managerial staff or segment of pioneers with a various leveled desire that is built up. While this specific endeavor may have been built up by a business visionary, it is normal that the group cooperation and chain of importance isolates the individual practices from the gathering alterations which occur. The ambitious innovator is another type of authority which many ascribe to a similar idea. While there are a few comparative aptitudes as far as initiative, this contrasts on the grounds that the position i s normally founded on the board instead of beginning another endeavor without the utilization of an enterprise or other substance. The business person is then characterized as one which varies in view of the free nature and the attributes of authority utilized for development and inventiveness outside of different kinds of undertakings (Ucbasaran, Westhead, Wright, 2009: p. 99). The fundamental contrast in character with business visionaries is the thing that prompts the various aptitudes, capacities and practices among these business chiefs. There are five known individual qualities which make a distinction among business visionaries and different sorts of pioneers. This incorporates being available to encounter, being cognizant and mindful of environmental factors, being adaptable, being pleasant and conveying a dream dependent on these determinants. The idea that is related with these aptitudes is intelligent of the mental desires that lead to administration abilities, developmen t and the capacity to make and depict various belief systems comparable to the general condition (Zhao, Seibert, 2006: p. 259). These mental practices at that point lead to desires for aptitudes and capacities. Inventiveness, ability to discover openings and playing out a few undertakings are a portion of the aptitudes anticipated. Business people are known for exchanging aptitudes effectively while a business develops while moving in the middle of positions and working with activities while making the important endeavors (Silva, 2007: p. 118). Innovative Thinking The capacity to work with authority aptitudes, practices that start new pursuits and abilities that can move between different positions at that point prompts the ideas of imaginative reasoning which are created by business people. The structure that is created with business people depends on the aim of an individual first. This is the thing that starts the undertaking and permits the business visionary to develop, either in light of nature or as a result of a dream that is identified with the business visionary. This is joined with imaginative deduction to prompt the activity of the new thought and to discover approaches to develop the thought into a reality. The inventive reasoning is promoted by assessing the business thought to characterize the likelihood of progress just as investigating arrangements that will assist with propelling the business into a fruitful undertaking. The character of the

Explain why Perfectly Competitive Industries are Considered to be Essay

Clarify why Perfectly Competitive Industries are Considered to be Efficient in the Short and Long-Run - Essay Example There are upsides and downsides to both yet all live on one conclusion that the way to productivity is rivalry. So as to introduce a solid end, we need to get into a significant conversation in order to contrast advantages and disadvantages of totally serious market and furthermore talk about the fluctuation it has with restraining infrastructure structure. Flawless Competition and Efficiency: According to Adam Smith completely serious market works under â€Å"invisible hand† in which every person in the public arena searches out for the individual premium. Be that as it may, so as to lecture it, he/she needs to exchange off his effects with the person who is eager to get profited by it. This eventually prompts advantage of society purposefully or inadvertently. Hypothetically; there are numerous purchasers and merchants, indistinguishable items, no boundaries to passage just as leave (Thomas E. Woods, 2011). Purchasers and merchants both have the ideal data and thus they are the â€Å"price takers† which brings about an entirely versatile interest bend. This implies if a firm needs to expand its benefit it should sell its item at advertise cost. This implies proficiency is required to hold the expense down and increment the net overall revenue. Effectiveness is acknowledged whenever all chances to improve somebody off without aggravating anybody off are depleted. It is likewise called ‘Pareto Efficiency’ in the greater part of the worldwide originations (Books Llc, 2010). Under perfect conditions in an entirely serious market or whatever other market which is working great, the market harmony augments the distinction between the advantages society gets from the great and administrations and what it costs society to deliver. An entirely serious market would consistently concentrate on the greatest net social advantage. Advantage isn't just considered by the fiscal return accomplished from speculations yet in addition the verifiable in crease acknowledged by the general public all in all. A proficient allocation of assets is cultivated if increase in society’s generally level of fulfillment by a greater amount of one great and less of another great is preposterous. This is the reason rivalry is favored as it for the most part prompts good results. Rivalry urges players to perform better than their adversary which at last prompts better market system. Such proficiency is acknowledged by elements if the cost of a decent is equivalent to the minimal expense of the item. An elaboration of the above system is as per the following: We know from the above conversation that market flexibly shows the minor expense of society of creating the great or administration. In addition, the interest bend is the negligible advantage to society from devouring the great or administration. Along these lines, the net social advantage would be amplified if the peripheral social expense is equivalent to the negligible social advant age (Tucker, 2010). Considering the expense distributed to society, the market gracefully is the flat aggregate of each firm’s MC bend or at the end of the day it shows what it expenses to deliver one extra unit of good. Business analyst says that in the event that all the expenses are processed by the organizations, at that point flexibly rises to the peripheral social cost (Lambert M. Surhone, 2010). Then again, economists’ measure benefits regarding the readiness of customers to pay in this manner, the market request would be a portrayal of the all out whole of ability to pay for a unit of good at each degree of utilization. The market request component centers around boost of social advantage delineated beneath: All purchasers whose WTP (eagerness to pay) surpasses P will purchase a decent (or more

Critically Analyse The Social Penetration Theory Psychology Essay

Basically Analyze The Social Penetration Theory Psychology Essay Social infiltration hypothesis was first proposed by Altman and Taylor in 1973. There after it was additionally evolved by Altman. This hypothesis is a general way to deal with relational fascination that takes a gander at the advancement of a relational relationship from acquaintanceship to dear kinship as a slow and precise procedure. It likewise takes a gander at how companionship moves from fringe and shallow degrees of trade to suggest companions (Green 219). The development of relationship is affected by three fundamental factors in particular; situational components, character and cost. Subsequently, when future and genuine results are good, infiltration creates to progressively hint regions. Social infiltration hypothesis portrays the development of individual connections as established in the self revelation. The hypothesis clarifies that the expansion in closeness in relationship is because of people sharing progressively data about themselves with one another. At the point when individuals meet just because, they will in general offer data which is general and indifferent in this way restricting the scope of the subjects they talk about. As these individuals find out about one another and time passes the profundity of their revelation expands in this manner uncovering individual data. The broadness of divulgence increments and the people can talk about a scope of subjects. The creators of this hypothesis propose that the development of a relationship proceeds if the respects that each accomplice gets are more noteworthy that the costs they accept they acquire. Social infiltration hypothesis relies generally upon the positive relationship among revelation and how much accomplices are sincerely dedicated in their relationship. Hence accomplices who unreservedly reveal more data to one another have more noteworthy social fulfillment and security. All the more thus, there is a direct connection among closeness and divulgence. For instance accomplices experience persuasive strains between being open and shut on what they talk about with one another. The social entrance hypothesis holds one significant suspicion that shared benefit from the accomplices connection goes about as a vehicle to the degree of trade and develops after some time in a given relationship (Nicotera 103). The hypothesis is generally worried about data trade however it additionally utilizes articulation of positive and negative impact in common exercises as different types of trade. Situational impact, character and rewards are factors which help in advancing social entrance process which is impeding. Additionally, the power and degree of self divulgence go about as activity proportion of social infiltration. Self revelation measure is utilized in estimating character characteristics that influence exposure subsequently giving close data about an individual. Situational factors are generally worried about the capacity to enter or escape a relationship openly. It is likewise worried about the degree of such relationship to someone else (Altman and Arnold 345). Connections are seen to grow evenly. Relational trades create from shallow to non-personal region to more profound degrees of selves of the associating individuals. For this situation, individual in this manner assess the equalization of remunerations and expenses of the over a significant time span trades. This assessment is utilized as a premise of anticipating the expense and prize ramifications for future trades which might be made. Social infiltration hypothesis is not the same as other trade speculations since it presents the issue of oneself and furthermore focuses on the issue of self divulgence. Social infiltration is accomplished through revelation which shows the genuine self in giving the correct setting to the help of exposure (Nicotera 103. Research utilizing the hypothesis Longitudinal examinations have been completed in endeavor to explore the elements of the social entrance hypothesis. The examination uncovered that there was an example of corresponding trade after some time just as a value standard which is identified with the closeness level of the exposure. The investigation additionally uncovered that short examples were a piece of the bigger changes. Significant proof demonstrates that all through youthful adulthood and immaturity, self revelation is a significant factor in of development of companion boat and its support. This is on the grounds that self divulgence increments both top to bottom and expansiveness as connections creates. In this way, the developing personal arrangement shows the instrument through which arrangement of relationship is done just as an impression of the degree of closeness. A few examinations utilizing outsiders show that people who take part in close revelation are more preferred than those people who limit divulgence to subjects which are not personal. Steady with social infiltration hypothesis, this clarifies individuals are getting pulled in to others who are allowed to unveil their own data. This is on the grounds that such divulgence signs cause the longing for closeness. Anyway in the beginning periods of a relationship, exposures of private data can go about as an obstruction to the advancement of a relationship (Green 219). Instances of hating have been seen where an outsider unveil his private data. There is some sign that inside a solitary discussion, individual data uncovered later in the relationship is gotten better than a people data uncovered before. Meill and Duck led an investigation which shows that the examinations on outsiders sum up companionship arrangement in reality. These specialists asked some undergrads how they would gather data about a plausible companion, how they would choose to seek after the relationship and regulate the pace of improvement. Understudies gave a report that kinship arrangement process work in communications with plausible companions until a choice is made on whether to proceed with the relationship or not. Numerous investigations on fellowship development bolster huge numbers of the recommendations of by Altman and Taylor. For instance, the exploration on the understudies was predictable with the social entrance hypothesis (Littlejohn 121). Undergrad flat mates who built up the dearest kinships answered to have traded more data and progressively private data over all classes. Self revelation is a procedure through which kinship is started and furthermore it is through it that individuals attempt to keep up their relationship. Studies have indicated that youthful grown-ups purposely utilize personal exposure as a method of supporting their relationship. An examination by Rosenfeld and Kendrick bolsters the social entrance hypothesis. The exploration shows that the most widely recognized reasons that youthful grown-ups had for unveiling their own data to companions were fellowship upgrade and support. The investigation shows that companions can be separated from non-companions as far as both the quality and amount of their revelation (Husain 78). Close companions not just unveil a greater amount of their own data than outsiders, however they additionally uncover progressively cozy data. The examination likewise demonstrates that closest companions are bound to get exceptionally close to home exposures than none cozy companions. There is more shallow and eas ygoing exposure among companions than personal revelation. Youthful grown-ups trade the most close to home data however then again companions just trade moderate individual data. Study of social infiltration hypothesis Altman and Taylor concocted social infiltration hypothesis trying to clarify people groups connections. The level of self divulgence has a significant errand in the developed of relationship. Their hypothesis is immediate and straightforward subsequently making it feasible for one to comprehend. Also, in this hypothesis the creators have utilized numerous angles which can identify with this present reality. The social entrance hypothesis diagrams what individuals experience while framing a relationship. This is plainly appeared by the creators when they said that individuals will proceed or stop with a relationship relying upon the expenses and rewards included. In this hypothesis it is anything but difficult to anticipate what will occur in future. This is in such a case that the costs associated with data trade are more that the prizes got, at that point the people or accomplices will cut off the association (Littlejohn 121). Then again, if the prizes associated with data trade are more than the cost in question, at that point the accomplices will proceed with the relationship. Moreover this hypothesis is straightforward. This is on the grounds that it just has four theory and three factors included. Altman and Taylor based their hypothesis of social infiltration hypothesis on cost and prize. This demonstrates individuals initially assess a relationship based on the prizes and costs included and afterward conclude whether to proceed or not (Husain 78). This isn't accurate on the grounds that one ought not be in relationship due to the advantages anticipated. Relationship ought to subsequently be assessed on numerous different factors however not just on increases and expenses. The creators attempt to recommend that individuals will consistently frame a relationship on the off chance that they are ensured that there are a few advantages to be earned from it. The vast majority are benevolent and will frame a relationship whether or not there are expenses to be caused or advantages to be earned from it. Altman and Taylor partner individuals who are locked in to a correspondence procedure to onions. The creators express that when individuals meet just because, they conceal their data simply like the onion layers (Green 219). As individuals keep on meeting, they share their own data and in this way shed off the layers making it straightforward each other. The layers of self divulgence have various degrees of profundity and broadness and this can be reached through the points shared and the idea of data in these subjects. Social entrance hypothesis shows the status of an individual is changed from open to private. Along these lines, an individual sooner or later may unveil more pe

Web Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Web Policy - Essay Example Both, individual data and research information must be kept separate on the servers. Reinforcement of site database is key necessities with a restricted access (Penn State University, 2007). Unapproved clients are not permitted to investigate the treats of the site put away in the companies’ PCs. Now and then, approved client leaves the framework without logging off the sites and the following client can get to the site data by utilizing treats. Organizations requiring the promoting through online sites must follow the rules characterized by the IRB. Promoting for the examination venture must demonstrate obviously the points and potential advantages of the undertaking. Promoting must be made before meeting the qualification standards (Penn State University, 2007). All sites will show the disclaimer interface that recognizes the supporting expert on the landing page, which will have reliable data on the landing page. Just the connections of different destinations will be acquired by their consent in the event that somebody requires the authorization of other websites’ joins. Areas of the site will utilize the .net, .com and .organization until appointee secretary of barrier indicates some other space on demand. Quality affirmation of the sites will be kept up to address the prerequisites. Both Combatant Authority and ASD are answerable for web based exercises. Social issues, for example, language ought to be paid attention to and synchronize the site materials and messages to counter the fear based oppression all around. Occasional audit of the sites will be overseen so as to keep the adequacy of the site (U.S Department of Defense, 2010). Significant information from studies before showing on the site pages needs the earlier assent of the members. Catches like â€Å"I agree† or â€Å"I don't agree† for the review members ought to be remembered for the significant page of the site. Assent of the members can be gotten through different methods, for example, messages or faxes. Research information supplier need care in

Trends in Health Policy Essay - 1100 Words

Trends in Health Policy (Essay Sample) Content: Trends in Healthy Policy: Healthy Care PolicyNameInstitutionTrends in Health Policy: Health Care ReformHealthcare policies refer to a collection of strategic plans, decisions, and actions, carefully designed, analyzed and tailor made to meet health care objectives in a given society or nation. The policies define priorities and give reason to their relevance. Moreover, they provide a projection of providing precise measures of dealing with anticipated health concerns. Health care reform is a policy used to refer to critical and significant changes in health policies. The changes might involve the creation of more policies that enhance ease of access to medical facilities and services. Reforms tend to address the following issues among many; increase the general population covered by insurance, increase health care providers, facilitate ease of access to medical specialists and lower cost of health care. This paper shall cover on theoretical matters in health policy, l egal aspects in both health policies and reforms, ethical issues, and health policy implications for governmentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ and citizens.Theoretical issues in health policy arise since there exists a gap between what was is planned and what is executed on the ground. Political interferences, especially in developing nations, are one of the leading causes of the differences. However, three model approaches have been prepared in evaluating health policy implementation; top-down theory, bottom-up theory, and principal-agent theory. In top-down theory, policies are formulated by senior persons in the society, usually the political class and passed down to subordinates for implementation. Certain conditions must exist for the theory to work; one major condition is execution of policies as formulated. However, the main challenge associated with the theory is that policies are never implemented as formulated. The bottom-down approach incorporates subordinates in policy making and implement ation. In this theory, subordinates opinions are considered in reshaping of policies and implementing. The principal-agent theory is more structured since it considers a relationship between decision-makers and those who implement the policies, (Buse, 2005). However, implementing policies involves three major steps; interpreting policies, establishing administrative units necessary to implement a strategic health policy and actual executive of service.Legal aspects must be considered in formulation of health policies, and health care reforms must. It is pieces of legislation that regulate the frequency of health policy formulation, the target group of the policies and supervision policy implementation. It is the law that determines the budget allocation for policy development or health care reforms. Persons involved in implementing the policies or changes must act within the legal framework established by the state. Pieces of legislation play a pivotal role in ensuring that health p olicies and health care reforms are sustainable and efficient. They create a framework that focuses on accountability, integrity, and upholding of professionalism. Legal aspects bring about equity in implementing the policies and health care; it ensures that marginalized and less privileged persons get medical services. Legal aspects regulate the scope of research, innovation, renovation, and development of health care reforms and policy formulation, (Banks, 2001).Legal concerns are neglected in a majority of health policy formulation and health care reforms. Legal aspects affect patients, policy formulators, health care reformists, health personnel and boost confidence levels in the society. Patients require privacy in their treatment; this is a legitimate concern that is of pivotal importance in health care. Exchange of patient health information among different health care providers, payments structures for patients, vendors, and health workers in institutions, reimbursement issu es, and data portability require some form of legal or regulatory framework. The importance of proper legal framework is also necessary for innovation, policy interpretation, implementation, clearance, and approval of policies, post-implementation activities, and commercialization of health policies or health care.Ethics is not a strange term in the health profession, a commitment to have a clientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s needs first, is one ethical principle. Some of the moral principles are contained in different cultures, oath of office, and such other documents contain ethics that guide health professionals. Ethical studies are incorporated into the curriculum studies of doctors and health workers. All practitioners in the medical health industry have a rich background in ethics when leaving school. However, the field of public health has received little attention in ethics; it is in the recent past that the area has received recognition in terms of formulating proper guidelines on standards . This is attributed to the fact that public health is concerned with issues beyond health care. It focuses on the economic and cultural practices of a given society; particular societies hold practices that inhibit the development of health policies. Such societies must be handled with care since they must be educated on the importance of health care before attending to them.Challenging questions have been raised due to the incorporation of ethical analysis to public health. For example, there is the question of what value is ethical analysis to public health? Are pieces of legislation subject to ethical scrutiny? Who decides on what values to protect, the order in which they should be prioritized in case of a dispute? How does ethical analysis provide a common ground between universal principles and values accepted by particular societies? These questions arise one ultimate question, what is the final benefit of incorporating ethics in health care reforms policies? Though there ex ists a series of challenges, ethics play a cooling ground for health workers and patients. It may seem to add little value to public health on the face value, but it is of great importance to all stakeholders, Morrow, (1995).Health policy and health care reforms implementation have a series of impacts to a government and society. Governments spend resources in public health; ranging from hiring of health expatriates who research on health issues, formulate proper policies and reform agendas and hiring workers who implement the policies. Moreover, more resources are spent on purchasing vehicles used by health wo...

The New South APUSH Topics to Master Before Test Day

Although the success of the ideology is questioned by historians, the idea of â€Å"The New South† was a way that southerners made sense of their defeat and their new place within the United States after the Civil War. But just how new was the New South? And what were the goals of this ideology? Keep reading to find out more about this important topic on the APUSH exam. What was the New South ideology? Henry Grady, an Atlanta journalist, is credited with coining the term â€Å"The New South† in his editorials. Instead of building a society that had at its foundation slavery and agriculture, â€Å"The new South presents a perfect democracya social system compact and closely knitted, less splendid on the surface, but stronger at the core; a hundred farms for every plantation, fifty homes for every palace; and a diversified industry that meets the complex needs of this complex age† (Grady, â€Å"The New South†). From this quote, it’s clear that Grady was responding to an idea that was popular at the time: the Confederacy lost the Civil War because it was too agrarian, too economically polarized (among whites), too old. The New South would rectify these problems, Grady believed (even though many historians debate the extent to which these were the actual problems of the Confederacy; I’ll speak more on that later). It may be most helpful to contrast the New South to the â€Å"Old South.† As will become apparent as you continue reading this post, the distinctions between New and Old may have been more of a marketing ploy or a rallying cry than substantive shifts in the political or economic realms of the former Confederacy. The Old SouthThe New South AgrarianIndustrial Plantations and concentrated wealthThriving middle class Authoritarian (white men not equal)Democratic (white men are equal) The New South ideology was an important force behind ending Presidential Reconstruction (Radical Reconstruction had already ended by this point) and bringing about the Compromise of 1877, which gave the presidency to Republican Rutherford B. Hayes in exchange for removal of United States troops from the South. This effectively ended any legal protections African Americans had received after being emancipated. Was the New South ideology only about white men? Where were the women and the people of color? According to Grady, the New South would promote the same racial hierarchies that existed before the Civil War. As he stated in 1888, â€Å"the supremacy of the white race of the South must be maintained forever, and the domination of the negro race resisted at all points and at all hazards, because the white race is the superior race [This declaration] shall run forever with the blood that feeds Anglo-Saxon hearts† (Myrdal, p. 1354). Grady and other New South advocates were generally against Reconstruction, protesting what they viewed as Northern encroachment and exploitation by carpetbaggers. This ideology was supported by The Dunning School of historians, who portrayed southerners who opposed Reconstruction by violent means, such as the Ku Klux Klan, as â€Å"Redeemers.† In popular culture, this ideology was put on a national scale thanks to D.W. Griffith’s film â€Å"The Birth of a Nation,† a racist portrayal of Reconstruction. President Woodrow Wilson, praising the release of the Birth of Nation. Source here. Was The New South ideology successful? It depends on what part of the ideology you’re talking about. Economically, the idea of the New South didn’t come to fruition. The region remained largely rural, agrarian, and poor: by 1900, per capita income in the South was 40% less than the national income. This was largely because the system of sharecropping left much of the plantation-order in tact. And although the South did develop some textile mills, the majority of the wealth was concentrated in the hands of capitalists, not spread out among white workers to create a middle class. Child laborer, South Carolina. Source: Library of Congress. Socially, racial violence flourished. Lynchings and other forms of racial violence were routinized into the fabric of southern life, as was Jim Crow segregation. It’s important for you to remember that as much as the New South was about economic and political modernization, those espousing this ideology had no intention of erasing the racial hierarchy that had been set by slavery. Anti-lynching banner flew outside NAACP headquarters in midtown Manhattan from the early 1900s until 1938. Source here. Furthermore, the New South ideology was remedying issues that may not have been the Confederacy’s true weakness. As historians have made clear, the Southern economy prior to the Civil War was the foundation of capitalism as it existed in the rest of the country and the world. Rather than being set in traditional, agrarian ways, under this interpretation, Southern plantation owners were capitalists in much the same way as Northern industrialists (see The Half has Never Been Told by Edward Baptist and The Vast Southern Empire by Matthew Karp). What kinds of questions will I be asked on the APUSH exam about the New South? Use the political cartoon below to answer the following multiple choice questions. Source: Library of Congress. 1. The political cartoon above best supports an ideology that A. Promotes women working outside of the home. B. Believes in industrializing the South. C. Urges a return to the economic policies of 1861. D. Teaches young women how to work machinery. 2. The man in the upper left of the political cartoon most likely represents A. Wealthy plantation owners in the Old South. B. British royalty at the time. C. Cotton, the chief cash commodity in 1861. D. Northern aristocrats coming into the South to make a profit. Correct Answers: 1. B 2. A

Pollution Is Releasing Harmful Substances Into The Air,...

Bianka Kliman Mrs. Hook Science 7-1 December 1st Pollution in China Pollution is releasing harmful substances into the air, water, land etc. There are many types of pollution: air pollution, water pollution, land pollution, soil pollution, noise pollution, person pollution, visual pollution and radiation pollution (Bradford). A fifth of China’s population breathes in heavy pollution (Ferris). China became a country in 1949. Still to this day china is a very modern country but at the same time very ancient and has a lot of history behind it. China is such a big country having 1.4 billion people that the weather varies. So in the northeast winters are really cold but summers are dry and hot. The central and north region has hot summers cold winter but they commonly have rain. Usually in china the weather is either really hot or really cold (China s Climate). China has a great amount of monuments. China has a great amount of deforestation. But China does have a wide range of wild life such as elephants, which live in the south, musk deer, reindeer and tigers live in the north and snow leopards live in the west etc. A lot of these animals feel intimidated by the human population and how its increasing so fast and the deforestation (Bryan Starr) China has more than a couple types of pollution that is affecting them. Air pollution is one big one mostly caused by exhaust fumes from vehicles and smoke from factories. A rule is that if this pollution stays this dangerous andShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Deforestation On The Environment845 Words   |  4 Pagesworking together with people, we can change the world. Deforestation, air pollution and improper disposal of toxic paint contribute to the degradation of the environment. Deforestation can cause many damage to your environment today. Trees absorb greenhouse gases and carbon emissions. 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When they take a deep breath, he or she would sense the taste of fresh air. The mind opens. What a time to be alive. However, time has changed nature. In reality, the air that used to be fresh is now p olluted. In particular, those birds that flew across the sky are now dying each day. Watching them die in desperation makes that person feels hopeless about the future, about

Consumer Reponses To Sex In Advertising - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2396 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? Abstract: This study analyses the Chinese and British consumerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s responses to sexual content in advertisements, the advertised brand and consumerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s buying intentions towards the brand. Focus groups will be the principle research method used in this study, totally 32 Chinese and British participants (including 16 male 16 female) will attend the focus groups discussion. The purpose of this study is to examine the differences in the effect of sex appeal on advertising and brand evaluation between Chinese and British consumers. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Consumer Reponses To Sex In Advertising" essay for you Create order This investigation will also explore whether gender or product involvement will have any significant relationship with consumersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ attitudes regarding different sex appeal ads. Rationale for the research Advertising is an important global marketing strategy, it is important for managers to know whether they can use standard advertisements in each of the places where their brands are sold or whether they need to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“localiseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? the advertisements my modify them to adapt the local cultural. The appearance and popularity of using sexual appeals in advertising has become a serious issue in the last 50 years. When using sex in international advertising, it is important to figure out whether sex appeal could be adopted cross national. Whether the effect of using sex in commercials is vary by country and cultural background. The main goal of the present study is to examine how the effect of sex contained advertising and consumerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s attitude toward these advertising and associated brand vary in different cultures by comparing Chinese and British consumer responses. There are many differences in social systems, cultural backgrounds and marketing and econom ic approaches between these two countriesChina is considered one of the largest developing countries in the world which has made it a target market for manufacturers from around the world in recent decade, whereas the United Kingdom is a highly developed Western country and is one of the main exporters to the Chinese market. The overall research objectives were defined as follows: 1. Fill the existing Gap in Chinese Research into Sex and Advertising Compared to the British regulators of the 1990s and early 2000s (Independent Television Commission, Broadcasting Standards Commission and the Radio Authority) which carried out a number of studies into the consumerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s attitude and responses toward sexual content in advertisements, the study in this area in China has been rare. One of the purposes of this research is to gain a comprehensive understanding of Chinese consumerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s responses of sex appeal advertising; what are the responses of Chinese audiences when they are exposed to sex appeal advertising? Does sex in commercials sell for Chinese consumers? This study could help the managers who targeting Chinese market understand the attitude and responses of the specific type of sexual content in advertising. This study will also investigate the specific type of sexual appeal which might cause public offence. Recognizing the audiencesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ attitude and acceptance of specific sexual content in advertising might increase the effectiveness of using sex appeal in television in Chinese market. 2. To understand the differences and similarities of consumer responses exist in both countries. Through a comparison of British and Chinese consumer responses, the difference and similarities that exist in these two countries will be outlined. This work will contribute to the understanding of how sexual appeal work differently by countries and by genders. Research Questions RQ1. What are the key differences in responses toward sex appeal advertising, brand, and buying intention between Chinese and British Consumers? RQ2. Whether gender is a significant variable in consumer responses to sex contained advertising? RQ3. Whether product type is a significant variable in consumer responses to sex contained advertising? Literature Review The definition of sex in advertising Since the 1800s, markets and advertisers have used sexy words and images to sell certain products. Along with the emergence and popularity of sexual advertisements, numerous studies have been carried out in this field. American social scientist Byrne (1982) deemed that sexual advertisements are a type of advertising with ascribed sexual meaning. Courtney and Whipple (1983:p.103) defined sex in advertising as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“sexuality in the form of nudity, sexual imagery, innuendo, and double entendreà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ employed as an advertising tool for wide variety for products.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? As noted by Gould (1994), sex in advertising is typically visual (physically attractive models, depictions of sexual behavior with partners or alone) but can also include verbal innuendo and explicit copy. In 2001, Reichert et al. cited that in the context of advertising, sex has been general considered as a tool of persuasion to draw attention to certain products or brands. By its very nature, advertising is a form of persuasion communication. (Thorson, 1990), As such, sex could be used to as persuasive message to promote products and brands. In 2003, Reichert pointed out that sex in advertising can be thought of as a sexual appeal that involve many factors and forms such as nudity, physical attractiveness, sexual behavior and double entendre (Reichert, 2003). Whatever presentation of the sex, the important underlying conceptual commonality is that the information evokes sexual thoughts and feelings in the viewer (Reichert, 2003: 234). Does sex sell? The previous study indicated that with sexy illustrations advertising can effectively grab consumersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ attention and improve recall of the commercial message. Sexual appeals have been shown to be more attention. Marketing researchers in this area investigated reactions of individuals to certain sexual appeals in advertising and explored reveal how sexual stimuli evoke reactions in individuals, and how these reactions may influence consuming behaviors. The goal of an advertisement is to promote products or services in an effective manner to attract the most people. If an advertisement cannot grab peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s attention, then it cannot affect their likelihood to buy that product. Thus, advertisers seek to make their commercials noticeable to their audiences. Consequently, marketing studies in this area often investigated whether marketing effectiveness of sexual advertising is improved by comparing audiencesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ attentions between sexual and non-sexual advertising. In other words, these studies try to find whether sex appeals could increase the chance for ads for grabbing consumerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s attention then arousing their buying intention. The impact of sexual appeals on brand name recall and brand evaluation are also important themes in this field. Berceid and Walster (1994) investigate the power of the physical attractiveness. They found attractive people are usually rated as more desirable, respectable and influential than less attractive people. This psychological evidence on the power of physical attractiveness supports the potential commercial value of using sexy models to promote products in advertising. Alexander and Judd (1978) found that nudity and erotic content in ads can increase consumer attention to an advertisement but not necessarily enhance the brand recall and brand evaluation. In the study carried out by Marilyn et al. (1998), sexual appeals have been found to be more attention-getting, likeable, dynamic and more likely to increase a consumerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s interest in the topic than were nonsexual appeals. The previous research shows that with sexy illustrations advertising can effectively grab consumersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ attention and improve recall of the commercial message. Sexual appeals have been shown to be more attention. However, sexual appeals that are attention grabbing can also fail to enhance brand recall and brand evaluation of advertising. Many studies found that brand recall from non-sex-containing advertising is higher than that from adverts that do contain sexual content (Steadman 1969; Alexander Judd, 1978; Courtney Whipple, 1983). Individual Difference and Product Type Previous study indicated that individual differences of consumers and product type promoted in ads should be considered when predict the effectiveness of using sexual appeal in commercials. The gender differences and different cultural background of consumers could impact their attitude toward sex contained advertising, moreover, the different product type promoted in sex appeal ads could influence consumerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s attitude as well. Male and female represent distinct differences when they were exposed to sexual content. Men showed more tolerance of sexual theme and content, meantime, their attitude toward sex appeal ads itself and associated brand were more positive than their women counterparts (Steadman, 1991). In 2004, Pope et al. considered gender differences as an independent variable of impact on consumersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ attitudes toward sex appeal advertisements. The finding indicated that compared to males, female consumer were more tended to responses positivel y to mild sexual appeal in adverts. The cultural background is another important capricious in consumer responses to sex appeal ads. People from different countries have distinct attitudes and opinions of sexual content contained in commercials. The research shows that in continental European countries, such as Denmark, Germany, Italy and France, consumers generally showed tolerance of nudity in advertisements (Frith Mueller, 2003). In fact, according to a focus groups survey launched out by Tissier-Desbordes and Manceau (2002), French women typically regard female nudity and sexuality as aesthetic rather than sexual and erotic appeal. Wheras, Fetto (2001) carried out a public opinion survey in the U.S. focuses on peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s opinion toward sexual image in print advertising, majority people express that they do not like much sex in print ads and will boycott products which applied sexual appeal to promote. Meanwhile, compared to the U.S. consumer, British consumer sho wed an even stricter attitude toward female nudity in commercials (ITC, 2003). The previous research also indicated that influenced by traditional social and cultural values, people who live in countries in Asia and the Middle East tend to be more conservative than the US and Europe with respect to sexual content in adverts ( Frith Mueller, 2003). In addition, people were more likely to accept products and have positive attitude toward brand when they could see clear congruence between the products and the sexual content. Beauty and personal care products could easily be associated with sexual content and so increase the recall and acceptance among audiences (Gunter; 2002; Cheng, 2002). When consumers could not found clear relationship between the product type and sexual content they were more easily to be offended and harm the brand evaluation. The Sexual Content Might Cause Public Offence in Britain and China In Britain, IBA (Independent Broadcasting Authority) carried out a serious public opinion surveys in 1980s. This work was concerned, especially, with the publicà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s acceptance not just of sexual treatments in advertising, but with the advertising of products that were associated directly or indirectly with sexual matters (Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA, 1988). The finding shows people find advertisements that featured sexual matters or promoted products for personal hygiene deeply offensive, only 16% audiences admitted that they had been offended by advertisements. The greatest source of these offensive advertisements is related to nudity or sexual content. The majority of audience (70%) said they would not feel embarrassed by watching sanitary protection products on screen. In a later survey, more than 1,1000 UK television viewers were asked if they had ever been offended by television advertisements in this study. Most people expressed they did not think AID S, contraceptives or condoms advertisements would cause offence. However, majority of British Viewers felt uncomfortable when faced by advertisements for homosexual advice services and Homosexual related products. In 1994, ITC research comprised focus groups and depth interviewer to investigate audiencesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ attitude toward different degrees of nudity in advertising. The finding indicated that nudity was regarded as more acceptable when it was relevant to the product and appeared after 9 pm. The data of focus groups revealed that the suggestive and partially nude seems to could be accepted by audience in any time, semi nude and back nude could be accepted after 9pm, full-frontal nude and sexual intercourse imply or explicit scenes were unacceptable by audience (ITC 1998). In 2004, British researcher Andrea and Lloyd carried out a focus groups survey to examine the consumer attitudes towards female nudity in advertising. The data from focus groups that consumers are mor e accepting of female nudity in advertising when they see a clear congruence between the sexual content and the product, message or positioning. There have been many fewer public opinion surveys on sex contained commercials in China. The only substantial studies we have located are that conducted by Cheng in Hong Kong in 2002. This survey used questionnaire which aimed at identifying what kind of advertisements consumers find offensive. The finding indicates that commercials promote contraceptive products were considered as more offensive than ads about female and maleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s underwear. This study also pointed out that whether an audience will feel offended by advertising on the appeal than the product itself. Relevance to my study The review of previous research may contain clues about how specific aspects of advertising can exert effects on consumers. It provides useful inputs to methodology. The review of previous studies in this field could help to understand that how consumerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s responses to sex appeal should be studied and analyzed. Three important elements, attitudes towards the ad, the brand and buying intention were adopted for testing the effectiveness of sex appeal in this study. The review of relative gender-role stereotyping studies offers the theoretical basis for examining the men and womenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s different attitudes when they were exposed to sex contained advertisement. In addition, the previous cross-national comparison work, especially those compare sexy advertising in western and eastern cultural context, offers more detail what we already know about cross-national comparison into consumerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s responses to sex appeal advertising. Methodology Given the nature of my project, qualitative research approach would be the best way to fully tackle the research questions. This paper will apply focus groups to examine peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s attitude and opinion toward sex in advertising. It also tries to explain the differences existed in the Chinese and British consumer towards sexual appeal advertising. Participants For focus groups, Chinese and British participants will attended in group session to discuss their opinion and attitude toward sexual appeal in advertising base on their individual experiences. In total, 32 participants will take part in this study and were divided into 4 groups: Chinese females, Chinese males, British males, and British females. All participants are university students in LSC. Procedure Each of group would be asked to watch several advertisements contained different level of sexual content. Some advertisements only contain mild sexual content such as soft kissing, embracing, and suggestive nude), others contain high level sex appeals such as half nude, making out and sexual intercourse implied). The product types promoted in those sex contained ads are varying from beauty and personal care stuffs to electronic products. After that, participants would answer questions regard to their attitudes toward ads itself, brand and buying intention, and each participants will be required to discuss the question with others. Focus group will run for around 90 minutes. All discussion will be taped for data analyzing.

Difference Of A Child s Comprehension - 860 Words

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Interpersonal Relationships And Social Commitment

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Self Esteem free essay sample

Cocker, who has worked on a series of self-esteem studies, found in her latest research that college students who based their self-worth on external sourcesincluding appearance, approval from others and even their academic performance?reported more stress, anger, academic problems, relationship conflicts, and had higher levels of drug and alcohol use and symptoms of eating disorders. For the study, Cocker surveyed more than 600 college freshmen three times during the yearbefore they left for college and at the end of the fall and spring semesters.Overall, students were found to have a high level of self-esteem. When students were asked about what they base their self-worth on, more than 80 percent said academic competence, 77 percent said their familys purport, 66 percent said doing better than others, and 65 percent?70 percent of which were womensaid their appearance. College students who based their self-worth on academic performance did not receive higher grades despite being highly motivated and studying more hours each week than students who did not rate academic performance as important to their self- esteem, Cocker found. We will write a custom essay sample on Self Esteem or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Students who based their self-worth on academic outcomes also were more likely to report conflicts with professors and rater stress. They feel motivated to do well in academics, but having their self-worth on the line doesnt help their performance, Cocker says. She speculates that students who base their self-worth on academic performance might become anxious and distracted and threatened by feelings of failure, and, as such, their anxiety might then interfere with their memory. Students who based their self-esteem on internal sourcessuch as being a virtuous errors or adhering to moral standardswere found to receive higher grades and less likely to use alcohol and drugs or to develop eating disorders. We really think that if people could adopt goals not focused on their own self- esteem but on something larger than their selfsuch as what they can create or contribute to othersthan they would be less susceptible to some of the negative effects of pursuing self-esteem, Cocker says. Its about having a goal that is bigger than the self.

What Changes Took Place During the Renaissance and Why Did They Occur free essay sample

The Renaissance was period of time in which Roman and Latin culture was revived into the lives of the European people. It occurred between the 14th and the 17th century. It began in Italy and later spread to the rest of Europe. It changed the lives of many by introducing Roman and Latin architecture, art, science, religion, technology, medicine and anatomy. The Renaissance changed art by introducing linear perspective, becoming less focused on religion and by establishing new techniques. Artists then painted in three dimensions so the paintings looked more realistic. The new techniques consisted of use of lighting, shadows, and human anatomy. For example, Leonardo Da Vinci’s Mona Lisa included new techniques such as lighting and shadows and human anatomy. These changes occurred because art became less focused on religion and painted became more interested in the idea of humanism and man. The Renaissance intensely changed the people’s concept of religion. We will write a custom essay sample on What Changes Took Place During the Renaissance and Why Did They Occur? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The printing press made the Bible more accessible to the common people. Martin Luther was a German Protestant theologian. His translation made the Bible more accessible to the common people and caused a tremendous impact of the Catholic Church. He provided the foundation for the King James Version of the Bible and believed that anyone could translate and have an opinion on the Bible, not just the Catholic priests. After reading it they then disagreed with what the Catholic Church was teaching them before and learnt that the Catholic Church was corrupt and people couldn’t buy their way into heaven, and soon people opposed the Catholic Church’s understanding of the Bible and started their own Protestant religions. This happened because the Catholic Church had lost power and people could think for themselves, and the printing press printed more Bibles so people read more of it. In the Renaissance technology took a giant leap forward by introducing the printing press, magnetic compass, eyeglasses and the windmill. The printing press helped many especially the poor to read and learn more. Before the printing press, writers would have to write each book by hand, which would take long and cost a lot, so only the rich could afford them. But when the printing press came, people would be hired to print books and other pages very quickly and therefore cost less. The magnetic compass was introduced mainly to sailors to help them navigate more easily in the sea without the need for navigation but stars or sun. The eyeglasses helped many older people who have difficulty to see. Before, these people would have to cope without seeing properly and life would be hard to live for them. In conclusion, the Renaissance was one of the most important time periods for the development of humanity because of its significant advancements in science, technology, religion, and art. These improvements were caused mainly by the introduction towards humanism and the fall of superstition, corruption and the Catholic Church. This period of time sparked a new age of thoughts and opinions for the advancement of humanity.

The rapid evolution of a style characterized by ca Essay Example For Students

The rapid evolution of a style characterized by ca Essay nvases filled with swirling, bright colors depicting people and nature is the essence of Vincent Van Goghs extremely prolific but tragically short career. Vincent Willem van Gogh was born on March 30, 1853, in Holland, son of a Dutch Protestant pastor and eldest of six children. His favorite brother Theo was four years younger. When Vincent was twelve to sixteen years old, he went to a boarding school.That next year he was sent to The Hague to work for an uncle who was an art dealer, but van Gogh was unsuited for a business career.Actually, his early interests were in literature and religion. Very dissatisfied with the way people made money and imbued with a strong sense of mission, he worked for a while as a lay preacher among proverty-stricken miners.Van Gogh represented the religious society that trained him in a poor coal-mining district in Belgium. Vincent took his work so seriously that he went without food and other necessities so he could give more to the poor.The missionary society objected to Vincents behavior and fired him in 1879. Heartsick, van Gogh struggled to keep going socially and fin!ancially, yet he was always rejected by other people, and felt lost and forsaken. Then, in 1880, at age 27, he became obsessed with art. The intensity he had for religion, he now focused on art. His early drawings were crude but strong and full of feeling: It is a hard and a difficult struggle to learn to draw well I have worked like a slave .His first paintings had been still lifes and scenes of peasants at work.That which fills my head and heart must be expressed in drawings and in picturesIm in a rage of work.In 1881, he moved to Etten. He very much liked pictures of peasant life and labor. Jean-Francois Millet was the first to paint this as a main theme and his works influenced van Gogh. His first paintings here were crude but improving. Van Goghs progress was interrupted by an intense love for his widowed cousin Kee Vos. On her decisive rejection of him he p ursued her to Amsterdam, only to suffer more humiliation. We will write a custom essay on The rapid evolution of a style characterized by ca specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Anton Mauve, a leading member of the Hague school was a cousin of van Goghs mother. This opportunity to be taught by him encouraged van Gogh to settle in Den Hague with Theos support.When van Gogh left Den Hague in September 1883 for the northern fenland of Drenth, he did so with mixed feelings. He spent hours wandering the countryside, making sketches of the landscape, but began to feel isolated and concerned about the future. He had rented a little attic in a house but found it melancholy, and was depressed with the quality of his equipment. Everything is too miserable, too insufficient, too dilapidated. Physically and mentally unable to cope with these conditions any longer, he left for his parents new home in Nuenen in December 1883. Van Gogh had a phase in which he loved to paint birds and birds nests.This phase did not last long. It only lasted until his fathers death six months later. The Family Bible which he painted just before leaving his house for good, six months after h is fathers death in 1885, must have meant a great deal to him. Van Gogh had broken with Christianity when he was fired from the missionary which proved to be the most painful experience of his life, and one from which he never quite recovered. At Nuenen, van Gogh gave active physical toil a remarkable reality. Its impact went far beyond what the realist Gustave Corbet had achieved and beyond even the quasi-religious images of Jean-Francois Millet. He made a number of studies of peasant hands and heads before embarking on what would be his most important work at Nuenen. The pinnacle of his work in Holland was The Potato Eaters, a scene painted in April 1885 that shows the working day to be over. It was the last and most ambitious painting of his pre-Impressionist period, 1880-1885.When van Gogh painted the The Potato Eaters, he had not yet discovered the importance of color. Van Gogh went to Antwerp in November 1885, partly to escape local gossip. He vainly attempted to make money fr om painting portraits, townscapes, and trades mens signs. Then he enrolled at the Antwerp Academy to make use of the live models. Shortage of money led to van Goghs undernourishment and acute physical distress. When van Gogh enrolled at the Academy in January 1886, he had just finished drawings that one day would be compared to the masters. Although willing to learn, he astonished fellow students by refusing to abandon the rapidity and boldness of his own methods.Possibly because of this, he was downgraded to the beginner class and consequently he left for Paris to live with his brother. .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596 , .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596 .postImageUrl , .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596 , .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596:hover , .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596:visited , .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596:active { border:0!important; } .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596:active , .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596 .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Remember the Titans Paper Sample Essay It was through his brother Theo and an art gallery devoted to living artists that he discovered the Impressionists, and became familiar with the new art movements developing at the time. Before Paris, van Gogh had not even known who the Impressionists were.He admired pictures by Degas andMonet and through Toulouse-Lautrec he was in touch with the local members of the art world. He was also influenced by Japanese print makers.The Impressionists discovered Japanese prints long before van Goghs arrival. These prints influenced him in his use of harmonized color.Van Gogh pinned them on his walls, and they appear in the background of some of his paintings. While refining his technique as painter in Paris, the home of the Impressionist school, he soon found that his real affinity was not for this school but for three men who had left their company to carry the torch of revolt a step further: for Cezanne, usually considered the most monstrous painter among the outcasts, for Gauguin, under the combined influence of Cezanne and of the Orient; and for Seraut, obsessed with experimental vision of art. Until 1886, he had only known the Dutch painters and a handful of French landscape painters including Millet and the Barbizon group. Now, for the first time, he saw work by Delacroix (whom he later said had more influence on him than the Impressionists) and by Pissaro, Czanne, Renoir and Sisley. Light, color and brilliance burst upon him. He went about the streets with a palette of bright colors, as delighted by the cosmopolitan bustle of the city as Manet, Monet, Renoir, and the others had been twenty years before him.Van G oghs Impressionist phase lasted two years. Although it was vitally important for his development, he had to integrate it with the style of his earlier years before his genius could fully unfold. Paris opened his eyes to the senses and beauty of the visible world and taught him the pictorial language of the color patch, but painting continued to be a vessel for his personal emotions. To investigate this spiritual reality with the ne!w means at this command, he went to Arles in the south of France. It was there, between 1888 and 1889, that he produced his greatest pictures.While Czanne and Seurat were making a more severe, classical art out of the impressionists style, van Gogh felt Impressionist art was pretty decorations and did nothing to evoke the sorrow of the human soul. He led the way in a different direction. He believed that impressionism did not allow the artist enough freedom to express his inner feelings. Since this was his main concern, he is sometimes called an expressio nist.Expressionism is the idea of emotional spontaneity in painting. The portrait of Dr. Gachet is a perfect example of his melancholy, proto-Expressionist late work.By setting certain colors side by side he achieved effects of unearthly splendor. To color he brought dignity and form, the opposite of the abstractions into which Monet was heading and which seemed the inevitable limit of Impressionist techniques. Van Gogh thought it was the color, not the form, that determined the expressive content of his pictures.Three painters of genius emerged, overlapping the Impressionists in time and manner, whose names have become synonymous with the post-Impressionists movement: Cezanne, Gauguin, and van Gogh. Between them they set European painting on a path which turned Impressionism into something solid and durable, like the art of the museums, a return in effect, to the main stream, but with minds alight with discovery and purpose. These three, as well as Mile Bernard who was a friend of van Gogh, all believed in the importance of color!to express the state of mind of the model represented.Work of the Post-Impressionists reveals a freely expressive use of color and form. In 1888, while living at Arles, he began to use the swirling brush strokes and intense yellows, greens, and blues. He loved bright colors especially yellow because of the sun which was bright in southern France and he painted what he saw and felt.He painted in colors with bright hues and high value.Vincent would sometimes put paints on his canvas with his palette knife or right from the tube and mix it around with his fingers which would make it quite coarse. In Arles he attached the greatest importance to his portraits, although he also painted many landscapes.Later, in 1890, he devoted his main energy to landscape painting. In southern France van Gogh lived for a time with Paul Gauguin, whom he had met in Paris. But after two months they had violent arguments, culminating in a quarrel in which va n Gogh threatened Gauguin with a razor. The same night, in a deep remorse, van Gogh cut off part of his own ear. This episode marked the beginning of a periodic insanity that plagued him until his death. On May 8, 1889, he was admitted to St. Rmy Hospital as a voluntary patient. Dr. Peyron interviewed him and entered in the register that van Gogh Suffers from fits which last from fifteen days to a month. During these fits the patient is victim to terrifying terrors and on several occasions has attempted to poison himself.During the intervals between fits he is perfectly quiet and paints ardently.He was possibly having a seizure when he threatened to kill Paul Gauguin. Since his death, investigators have come to feel that his fits were due to epilepsy.Despairing of a cure and fearing !he would no longer be able to paint, van Gogh committed suicide in July 1890. He felt very deeply that art alone made his life worth living. We know a good deal about his inner life as a result of a mas sive, stirring and deeply moving autobiography in the form of hundreds of letters written to his brother Theo.The letters he sent to his brother include many eloquent descriptions of his choice of hues and the emotional meaning he attached to them. In one of his letters to Theo he wrote the following: I do not intend to spare myself, nor to avoid emotions or difficulties Idont care much whether I live a longer or shorter timeThe world concernsme insofar as I feel a certain indebtedness and duty toward it because I have walked this earth for thirty years, and, out of gratitude, want toleave some souvenir in the shape of drawings and pictures not made to pleasea certain taste in art, but to express a sincere human feeling. I feel that he succeeded.

Using An Extracurricular Essay Sample

Using An Extracurricular Essay SampleThe first question that arises from any essay sample is what type of student it is. Normally you'll find a lot of different essay samples and students' essays that are not only similar but also inter-related. There is not one student who has the same 'intellectual style' or writing ability as anyone else's essay sample.It is important that you get an essay sample from the school or college where you are going to be taking the course that you are studying. In this way, you will be able to figure out whether your essay will be compatible with the style of writing that you are going to be doing. You may also get an idea on how to make your essay unique in terms of the topics you are going to talk about.Having an essay sample will give you a clear idea about how the writer is going to write and how the content will be arranged. In other words, you can be able to spot the areas where you need to revise and adjust your essay. This is very important beca use it will enable you to write an essay that will not only be great, but also powerful. A good essay is not merely the culmination of the writer's efforts.If you are not able to get an essay sample at the school or college where you are going to be writing your essay, then there is really no problem. However, the internet is certainly an option for you. There are many sites which offer essays in different formats. They have the potential to help you determine whether the topic you are going to be discussing is suitable for the essay you are going to write.It is always important that you pick an essay sample that is relevant to the topic that you are going to be writing. If the topic of your essay is your high school studies, you will probably be able to locate various essays on the topic. The essays you will find will be the sort that you have to work on.In fact, some essay samples are difficult to decipher from each other. This means that you will not be able to easily determine w hether you need to write something different or not. This is why it is important that you know what kind of essay you are writing before you get started. This will enable you to start working in the right direction.You will also need to use original sources wherever possible. This means that you will have to do a lot of research and compare information with the essay sample you are going to use. You should also make sure that you do not plagiarize. A common technique that people resort to when they think that they are going to be violating the rules is to turn their essay sample into a 'rehash' of the original idea.Another way that you can determine whether or not you are using an essay sample that is appropriate for the topic that you are writing is to study the style and vocabulary used by other writers. Many writers who have gone through the process of writing a textbook or an essay sample before will be able to give you ideas about the style that they use. It will also be a good idea for you to gather as much literature as you can about the essay topic that you are going to write. It will help you know whether the topic is a good fit for your subject.

Free Essays on Apollo 13

Description Apollo 13 was intended to be the third mission to carry humans to the surface of the Moon, but an explosion of one of the oxygen tanks and resulting damage to other systems resulted in the mission being aborted before the planned lunar landing could take place. The crew, commander James A. Lovell, Jr., command module pilot John L. Swigert, Jr., and lunar module pilot Fred W. Haise Jr., were returned safely to Earth on 17 April 1970. Mission Profile Apollo 13 was launched on Saturn V SA-508 on 11 April 1970 at 19:13:00 UT (02:13:00 p.m. EST) from pad 39A at Kennedy Space Center. During second stage boost the center engine of the S-II stage cut off 132 seconds early, causing the remaining four engines to burn 34 seconds longer than normal. The velocity after S-II burn was still lower than planned by 68 m/sec, so the S-IVB orbital insertion burn at 19:25:40 was 9 seconds longer than planned. Translunar injection took place at 21:54:47 UT, CSM/S-IVB separation at 22:19:39 UT, and CSM-LM docking at 22:32:09 UT. The S-IVB auxilliary propulsive system burned at 01:13 UT on 12 April for 217 seconds to put the S-IVB into a lunar impact trajectory. (It impacted the lunar surface on 14 April at 01:09:41.0 at 2.75 S, 27.86 W with a velocity of 2.58 km/s at a 76 degrees angle from horizontal.) A 3.4 second mid-course correction was made at 01:27 UT on 13 April. A television broadcast was made from Apollo 13 from 02:24 UT to 02:59 UT on 14 April and a few minutes later, at 03:06:18 UT Jack Swigert turned the fans on to stir oxygen tanks 1 and 2 in the service module. The Accident Review Board concluded that wires which had been damaged during pre-flight testing in oxygen tank no. 2 shorted and the teflon insulation caught fire. The fire spread within the tank, raising the pressure until at 3:07:53 UT on 14 April (10:07:53 EST 13 April; 55:54:53 mission elapsed time) oxygen tank no. 2 exploded, damaging oxygen tank no. 1 and the... Free Essays on Apollo 13 Free Essays on Apollo 13 Description Apollo 13 was intended to be the third mission to carry humans to the surface of the Moon, but an explosion of one of the oxygen tanks and resulting damage to other systems resulted in the mission being aborted before the planned lunar landing could take place. The crew, commander James A. Lovell, Jr., command module pilot John L. Swigert, Jr., and lunar module pilot Fred W. Haise Jr., were returned safely to Earth on 17 April 1970. Mission Profile Apollo 13 was launched on Saturn V SA-508 on 11 April 1970 at 19:13:00 UT (02:13:00 p.m. EST) from pad 39A at Kennedy Space Center. During second stage boost the center engine of the S-II stage cut off 132 seconds early, causing the remaining four engines to burn 34 seconds longer than normal. The velocity after S-II burn was still lower than planned by 68 m/sec, so the S-IVB orbital insertion burn at 19:25:40 was 9 seconds longer than planned. Translunar injection took place at 21:54:47 UT, CSM/S-IVB separation at 22:19:39 UT, and CSM-LM docking at 22:32:09 UT. The S-IVB auxilliary propulsive system burned at 01:13 UT on 12 April for 217 seconds to put the S-IVB into a lunar impact trajectory. (It impacted the lunar surface on 14 April at 01:09:41.0 at 2.75 S, 27.86 W with a velocity of 2.58 km/s at a 76 degrees angle from horizontal.) A 3.4 second mid-course correction was made at 01:27 UT on 13 April. A television broadcast was made from Apollo 13 from 02:24 UT to 02:59 UT on 14 April and a few minutes later, at 03:06:18 UT Jack Swigert turned the fans on to stir oxygen tanks 1 and 2 in the service module. The Accident Review Board concluded that wires which had been damaged during pre-flight testing in oxygen tank no. 2 shorted and the teflon insulation caught fire. The fire spread within the tank, raising the pressure until at 3:07:53 UT on 14 April (10:07:53 EST 13 April; 55:54:53 mission elapsed time) oxygen tank no. 2 exploded, damaging oxygen tank no. 1 and the...

Master in Finance Admissions Essays Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Master in Finance Admissions Essays - Essay Example In the Department of Corporate Research at Unilever, I grasped how research projects are chosen and financed based on customer preferences. I also understood the importance of saving time & money while doing research. During my research assistantship at IIT Bombay, I worked on the optimization of chemical processes involved in the death of cancer cells triggered by intravenous delivery current platinum-based drugs. At IIT Bombay (IITB), I was exposed to various technological & social issues. My internships and studies at Unilever, University of Oklahoma, IITB, and the University of Cambridge, provided me opportunities to interact with people from diverse cultures. This immensely broadened my vision and knowledge base and enabled me to incorporate different perspectives and viewpoints. I have always been fascinated to work in interdisciplinary work environments, like the one at Unilever, because it draws in combined knowledge of experts from various fields, thus giving valuable experience of collaborating with various teams. I believe that MPhil in Finance offers an opportunity to combine finance and economics with mathematics and help me develop a strong background for a career integrating chemical engineering and finance. I plan to work in a field that would integrate chemical engineering and finance, and help promote industry growth in high-technology-related areas. The lectures by experts a t IIT Bombay, especially by Dr. Muhammad Yunus have helped me become aware of the issues that often affect society. I have been motivated to do something for solving the problem of malnutrition and growing environmental pollution in developing countries, like my own, by helping develop investment instruments to hedge against risks. This would facilitate the growth of new industries using funds drawn from international capital markets. This includes the manufacturing of nutritional foods with longer shelf lives, at the lowest possible costs, and making the foods available at affordable prices, while manufacturing those products using energy-efficient and cost-effective technologies.