Consumer Reponses To Sex In Advertising - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2396 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? Abstract: This study analyses the Chinese and British consumerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s responses to sexual content in advertisements, the advertised brand and consumerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s buying intentions towards the brand. Focus groups will be the principle research method used in this study, totally 32 Chinese and British participants (including 16 male 16 female) will attend the focus groups discussion. The purpose of this study is to examine the differences in the effect of sex appeal on advertising and brand evaluation between Chinese and British consumers. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Consumer Reponses To Sex In Advertising" essay for you Create order This investigation will also explore whether gender or product involvement will have any significant relationship with consumersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ attitudes regarding different sex appeal ads. Rationale for the research Advertising is an important global marketing strategy, it is important for managers to know whether they can use standard advertisements in each of the places where their brands are sold or whether they need to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“localiseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? the advertisements my modify them to adapt the local cultural. The appearance and popularity of using sexual appeals in advertising has become a serious issue in the last 50 years. When using sex in international advertising, it is important to figure out whether sex appeal could be adopted cross national. Whether the effect of using sex in commercials is vary by country and cultural background. The main goal of the present study is to examine how the effect of sex contained advertising and consumerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s attitude toward these advertising and associated brand vary in different cultures by comparing Chinese and British consumer responses. There are many differences in social systems, cultural backgrounds and marketing and econom ic approaches between these two countriesChina is considered one of the largest developing countries in the world which has made it a target market for manufacturers from around the world in recent decade, whereas the United Kingdom is a highly developed Western country and is one of the main exporters to the Chinese market. The overall research objectives were defined as follows: 1. Fill the existing Gap in Chinese Research into Sex and Advertising Compared to the British regulators of the 1990s and early 2000s (Independent Television Commission, Broadcasting Standards Commission and the Radio Authority) which carried out a number of studies into the consumerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s attitude and responses toward sexual content in advertisements, the study in this area in China has been rare. One of the purposes of this research is to gain a comprehensive understanding of Chinese consumerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s responses of sex appeal advertising; what are the responses of Chinese audiences when they are exposed to sex appeal advertising? Does sex in commercials sell for Chinese consumers? This study could help the managers who targeting Chinese market understand the attitude and responses of the specific type of sexual content in advertising. This study will also investigate the specific type of sexual appeal which might cause public offence. Recognizing the audiencesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ attitude and acceptance of specific sexual content in advertising might increase the effectiveness of using sex appeal in television in Chinese market. 2. To understand the differences and similarities of consumer responses exist in both countries. Through a comparison of British and Chinese consumer responses, the difference and similarities that exist in these two countries will be outlined. This work will contribute to the understanding of how sexual appeal work differently by countries and by genders. Research Questions RQ1. What are the key differences in responses toward sex appeal advertising, brand, and buying intention between Chinese and British Consumers? RQ2. Whether gender is a significant variable in consumer responses to sex contained advertising? RQ3. Whether product type is a significant variable in consumer responses to sex contained advertising? Literature Review The definition of sex in advertising Since the 1800s, markets and advertisers have used sexy words and images to sell certain products. Along with the emergence and popularity of sexual advertisements, numerous studies have been carried out in this field. American social scientist Byrne (1982) deemed that sexual advertisements are a type of advertising with ascribed sexual meaning. Courtney and Whipple (1983:p.103) defined sex in advertising as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“sexuality in the form of nudity, sexual imagery, innuendo, and double entendreà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ employed as an advertising tool for wide variety for products.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? As noted by Gould (1994), sex in advertising is typically visual (physically attractive models, depictions of sexual behavior with partners or alone) but can also include verbal innuendo and explicit copy. In 2001, Reichert et al. cited that in the context of advertising, sex has been general considered as a tool of persuasion to draw attention to certain products or brands. By its very nature, advertising is a form of persuasion communication. (Thorson, 1990), As such, sex could be used to as persuasive message to promote products and brands. In 2003, Reichert pointed out that sex in advertising can be thought of as a sexual appeal that involve many factors and forms such as nudity, physical attractiveness, sexual behavior and double entendre (Reichert, 2003). Whatever presentation of the sex, the important underlying conceptual commonality is that the information evokes sexual thoughts and feelings in the viewer (Reichert, 2003: 234). Does sex sell? The previous study indicated that with sexy illustrations advertising can effectively grab consumersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ attention and improve recall of the commercial message. Sexual appeals have been shown to be more attention. Marketing researchers in this area investigated reactions of individuals to certain sexual appeals in advertising and explored reveal how sexual stimuli evoke reactions in individuals, and how these reactions may influence consuming behaviors. The goal of an advertisement is to promote products or services in an effective manner to attract the most people. If an advertisement cannot grab peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s attention, then it cannot affect their likelihood to buy that product. Thus, advertisers seek to make their commercials noticeable to their audiences. Consequently, marketing studies in this area often investigated whether marketing effectiveness of sexual advertising is improved by comparing audiencesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ attentions between sexual and non-sexual advertising. In other words, these studies try to find whether sex appeals could increase the chance for ads for grabbing consumerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s attention then arousing their buying intention. The impact of sexual appeals on brand name recall and brand evaluation are also important themes in this field. Berceid and Walster (1994) investigate the power of the physical attractiveness. They found attractive people are usually rated as more desirable, respectable and influential than less attractive people. This psychological evidence on the power of physical attractiveness supports the potential commercial value of using sexy models to promote products in advertising. Alexander and Judd (1978) found that nudity and erotic content in ads can increase consumer attention to an advertisement but not necessarily enhance the brand recall and brand evaluation. In the study carried out by Marilyn et al. (1998), sexual appeals have been found to be more attention-getting, likeable, dynamic and more likely to increase a consumerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s interest in the topic than were nonsexual appeals. The previous research shows that with sexy illustrations advertising can effectively grab consumersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ attention and improve recall of the commercial message. Sexual appeals have been shown to be more attention. However, sexual appeals that are attention grabbing can also fail to enhance brand recall and brand evaluation of advertising. Many studies found that brand recall from non-sex-containing advertising is higher than that from adverts that do contain sexual content (Steadman 1969; Alexander Judd, 1978; Courtney Whipple, 1983). Individual Difference and Product Type Previous study indicated that individual differences of consumers and product type promoted in ads should be considered when predict the effectiveness of using sexual appeal in commercials. The gender differences and different cultural background of consumers could impact their attitude toward sex contained advertising, moreover, the different product type promoted in sex appeal ads could influence consumerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s attitude as well. Male and female represent distinct differences when they were exposed to sexual content. Men showed more tolerance of sexual theme and content, meantime, their attitude toward sex appeal ads itself and associated brand were more positive than their women counterparts (Steadman, 1991). In 2004, Pope et al. considered gender differences as an independent variable of impact on consumersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ attitudes toward sex appeal advertisements. The finding indicated that compared to males, female consumer were more tended to responses positivel y to mild sexual appeal in adverts. The cultural background is another important capricious in consumer responses to sex appeal ads. People from different countries have distinct attitudes and opinions of sexual content contained in commercials. The research shows that in continental European countries, such as Denmark, Germany, Italy and France, consumers generally showed tolerance of nudity in advertisements (Frith Mueller, 2003). In fact, according to a focus groups survey launched out by Tissier-Desbordes and Manceau (2002), French women typically regard female nudity and sexuality as aesthetic rather than sexual and erotic appeal. Wheras, Fetto (2001) carried out a public opinion survey in the U.S. focuses on peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s opinion toward sexual image in print advertising, majority people express that they do not like much sex in print ads and will boycott products which applied sexual appeal to promote. Meanwhile, compared to the U.S. consumer, British consumer sho wed an even stricter attitude toward female nudity in commercials (ITC, 2003). The previous research also indicated that influenced by traditional social and cultural values, people who live in countries in Asia and the Middle East tend to be more conservative than the US and Europe with respect to sexual content in adverts ( Frith Mueller, 2003). In addition, people were more likely to accept products and have positive attitude toward brand when they could see clear congruence between the products and the sexual content. Beauty and personal care products could easily be associated with sexual content and so increase the recall and acceptance among audiences (Gunter; 2002; Cheng, 2002). When consumers could not found clear relationship between the product type and sexual content they were more easily to be offended and harm the brand evaluation. The Sexual Content Might Cause Public Offence in Britain and China In Britain, IBA (Independent Broadcasting Authority) carried out a serious public opinion surveys in 1980s. This work was concerned, especially, with the publicà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s acceptance not just of sexual treatments in advertising, but with the advertising of products that were associated directly or indirectly with sexual matters (Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA, 1988). The finding shows people find advertisements that featured sexual matters or promoted products for personal hygiene deeply offensive, only 16% audiences admitted that they had been offended by advertisements. The greatest source of these offensive advertisements is related to nudity or sexual content. The majority of audience (70%) said they would not feel embarrassed by watching sanitary protection products on screen. In a later survey, more than 1,1000 UK television viewers were asked if they had ever been offended by television advertisements in this study. Most people expressed they did not think AID S, contraceptives or condoms advertisements would cause offence. However, majority of British Viewers felt uncomfortable when faced by advertisements for homosexual advice services and Homosexual related products. In 1994, ITC research comprised focus groups and depth interviewer to investigate audiencesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ attitude toward different degrees of nudity in advertising. The finding indicated that nudity was regarded as more acceptable when it was relevant to the product and appeared after 9 pm. The data of focus groups revealed that the suggestive and partially nude seems to could be accepted by audience in any time, semi nude and back nude could be accepted after 9pm, full-frontal nude and sexual intercourse imply or explicit scenes were unacceptable by audience (ITC 1998). In 2004, British researcher Andrea and Lloyd carried out a focus groups survey to examine the consumer attitudes towards female nudity in advertising. The data from focus groups that consumers are mor e accepting of female nudity in advertising when they see a clear congruence between the sexual content and the product, message or positioning. There have been many fewer public opinion surveys on sex contained commercials in China. The only substantial studies we have located are that conducted by Cheng in Hong Kong in 2002. This survey used questionnaire which aimed at identifying what kind of advertisements consumers find offensive. The finding indicates that commercials promote contraceptive products were considered as more offensive than ads about female and maleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s underwear. This study also pointed out that whether an audience will feel offended by advertising on the appeal than the product itself. Relevance to my study The review of previous research may contain clues about how specific aspects of advertising can exert effects on consumers. It provides useful inputs to methodology. The review of previous studies in this field could help to understand that how consumerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s responses to sex appeal should be studied and analyzed. Three important elements, attitudes towards the ad, the brand and buying intention were adopted for testing the effectiveness of sex appeal in this study. The review of relative gender-role stereotyping studies offers the theoretical basis for examining the men and womenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s different attitudes when they were exposed to sex contained advertisement. In addition, the previous cross-national comparison work, especially those compare sexy advertising in western and eastern cultural context, offers more detail what we already know about cross-national comparison into consumerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s responses to sex appeal advertising. Methodology Given the nature of my project, qualitative research approach would be the best way to fully tackle the research questions. This paper will apply focus groups to examine peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s attitude and opinion toward sex in advertising. It also tries to explain the differences existed in the Chinese and British consumer towards sexual appeal advertising. Participants For focus groups, Chinese and British participants will attended in group session to discuss their opinion and attitude toward sexual appeal in advertising base on their individual experiences. In total, 32 participants will take part in this study and were divided into 4 groups: Chinese females, Chinese males, British males, and British females. All participants are university students in LSC. Procedure Each of group would be asked to watch several advertisements contained different level of sexual content. Some advertisements only contain mild sexual content such as soft kissing, embracing, and suggestive nude), others contain high level sex appeals such as half nude, making out and sexual intercourse implied). The product types promoted in those sex contained ads are varying from beauty and personal care stuffs to electronic products. After that, participants would answer questions regard to their attitudes toward ads itself, brand and buying intention, and each participants will be required to discuss the question with others. Focus group will run for around 90 minutes. All discussion will be taped for data analyzing.

Difference Of A Child s Comprehension - 860 Words

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Interpersonal Relationships And Social Commitment

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Self Esteem free essay sample

Cocker, who has worked on a series of self-esteem studies, found in her latest research that college students who based their self-worth on external sourcesincluding appearance, approval from others and even their academic performance?reported more stress, anger, academic problems, relationship conflicts, and had higher levels of drug and alcohol use and symptoms of eating disorders. For the study, Cocker surveyed more than 600 college freshmen three times during the yearbefore they left for college and at the end of the fall and spring semesters.Overall, students were found to have a high level of self-esteem. When students were asked about what they base their self-worth on, more than 80 percent said academic competence, 77 percent said their familys purport, 66 percent said doing better than others, and 65 percent?70 percent of which were womensaid their appearance. College students who based their self-worth on academic performance did not receive higher grades despite being highly motivated and studying more hours each week than students who did not rate academic performance as important to their self- esteem, Cocker found. We will write a custom essay sample on Self Esteem or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Students who based their self-worth on academic outcomes also were more likely to report conflicts with professors and rater stress. They feel motivated to do well in academics, but having their self-worth on the line doesnt help their performance, Cocker says. She speculates that students who base their self-worth on academic performance might become anxious and distracted and threatened by feelings of failure, and, as such, their anxiety might then interfere with their memory. Students who based their self-esteem on internal sourcessuch as being a virtuous errors or adhering to moral standardswere found to receive higher grades and less likely to use alcohol and drugs or to develop eating disorders. We really think that if people could adopt goals not focused on their own self- esteem but on something larger than their selfsuch as what they can create or contribute to othersthan they would be less susceptible to some of the negative effects of pursuing self-esteem, Cocker says. Its about having a goal that is bigger than the self.

What Changes Took Place During the Renaissance and Why Did They Occur free essay sample

The Renaissance was period of time in which Roman and Latin culture was revived into the lives of the European people. It occurred between the 14th and the 17th century. It began in Italy and later spread to the rest of Europe. It changed the lives of many by introducing Roman and Latin architecture, art, science, religion, technology, medicine and anatomy. The Renaissance changed art by introducing linear perspective, becoming less focused on religion and by establishing new techniques. Artists then painted in three dimensions so the paintings looked more realistic. The new techniques consisted of use of lighting, shadows, and human anatomy. For example, Leonardo Da Vinci’s Mona Lisa included new techniques such as lighting and shadows and human anatomy. These changes occurred because art became less focused on religion and painted became more interested in the idea of humanism and man. The Renaissance intensely changed the people’s concept of religion. We will write a custom essay sample on What Changes Took Place During the Renaissance and Why Did They Occur? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The printing press made the Bible more accessible to the common people. Martin Luther was a German Protestant theologian. His translation made the Bible more accessible to the common people and caused a tremendous impact of the Catholic Church. He provided the foundation for the King James Version of the Bible and believed that anyone could translate and have an opinion on the Bible, not just the Catholic priests. After reading it they then disagreed with what the Catholic Church was teaching them before and learnt that the Catholic Church was corrupt and people couldn’t buy their way into heaven, and soon people opposed the Catholic Church’s understanding of the Bible and started their own Protestant religions. This happened because the Catholic Church had lost power and people could think for themselves, and the printing press printed more Bibles so people read more of it. In the Renaissance technology took a giant leap forward by introducing the printing press, magnetic compass, eyeglasses and the windmill. The printing press helped many especially the poor to read and learn more. Before the printing press, writers would have to write each book by hand, which would take long and cost a lot, so only the rich could afford them. But when the printing press came, people would be hired to print books and other pages very quickly and therefore cost less. The magnetic compass was introduced mainly to sailors to help them navigate more easily in the sea without the need for navigation but stars or sun. The eyeglasses helped many older people who have difficulty to see. Before, these people would have to cope without seeing properly and life would be hard to live for them. In conclusion, the Renaissance was one of the most important time periods for the development of humanity because of its significant advancements in science, technology, religion, and art. These improvements were caused mainly by the introduction towards humanism and the fall of superstition, corruption and the Catholic Church. This period of time sparked a new age of thoughts and opinions for the advancement of humanity.

The rapid evolution of a style characterized by ca Essay Example For Students

The rapid evolution of a style characterized by ca Essay nvases filled with swirling, bright colors depicting people and nature is the essence of Vincent Van Goghs extremely prolific but tragically short career. Vincent Willem van Gogh was born on March 30, 1853, in Holland, son of a Dutch Protestant pastor and eldest of six children. His favorite brother Theo was four years younger. When Vincent was twelve to sixteen years old, he went to a boarding school.That next year he was sent to The Hague to work for an uncle who was an art dealer, but van Gogh was unsuited for a business career.Actually, his early interests were in literature and religion. Very dissatisfied with the way people made money and imbued with a strong sense of mission, he worked for a while as a lay preacher among proverty-stricken miners.Van Gogh represented the religious society that trained him in a poor coal-mining district in Belgium. Vincent took his work so seriously that he went without food and other necessities so he could give more to the poor.The missionary society objected to Vincents behavior and fired him in 1879. Heartsick, van Gogh struggled to keep going socially and fin!ancially, yet he was always rejected by other people, and felt lost and forsaken. Then, in 1880, at age 27, he became obsessed with art. The intensity he had for religion, he now focused on art. His early drawings were crude but strong and full of feeling: It is a hard and a difficult struggle to learn to draw well I have worked like a slave .His first paintings had been still lifes and scenes of peasants at work.That which fills my head and heart must be expressed in drawings and in picturesIm in a rage of work.In 1881, he moved to Etten. He very much liked pictures of peasant life and labor. Jean-Francois Millet was the first to paint this as a main theme and his works influenced van Gogh. His first paintings here were crude but improving. Van Goghs progress was interrupted by an intense love for his widowed cousin Kee Vos. On her decisive rejection of him he p ursued her to Amsterdam, only to suffer more humiliation. We will write a custom essay on The rapid evolution of a style characterized by ca specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Anton Mauve, a leading member of the Hague school was a cousin of van Goghs mother. This opportunity to be taught by him encouraged van Gogh to settle in Den Hague with Theos support.When van Gogh left Den Hague in September 1883 for the northern fenland of Drenth, he did so with mixed feelings. He spent hours wandering the countryside, making sketches of the landscape, but began to feel isolated and concerned about the future. He had rented a little attic in a house but found it melancholy, and was depressed with the quality of his equipment. Everything is too miserable, too insufficient, too dilapidated. Physically and mentally unable to cope with these conditions any longer, he left for his parents new home in Nuenen in December 1883. Van Gogh had a phase in which he loved to paint birds and birds nests.This phase did not last long. It only lasted until his fathers death six months later. The Family Bible which he painted just before leaving his house for good, six months after h is fathers death in 1885, must have meant a great deal to him. Van Gogh had broken with Christianity when he was fired from the missionary which proved to be the most painful experience of his life, and one from which he never quite recovered. At Nuenen, van Gogh gave active physical toil a remarkable reality. Its impact went far beyond what the realist Gustave Corbet had achieved and beyond even the quasi-religious images of Jean-Francois Millet. He made a number of studies of peasant hands and heads before embarking on what would be his most important work at Nuenen. The pinnacle of his work in Holland was The Potato Eaters, a scene painted in April 1885 that shows the working day to be over. It was the last and most ambitious painting of his pre-Impressionist period, 1880-1885.When van Gogh painted the The Potato Eaters, he had not yet discovered the importance of color. Van Gogh went to Antwerp in November 1885, partly to escape local gossip. He vainly attempted to make money fr om painting portraits, townscapes, and trades mens signs. Then he enrolled at the Antwerp Academy to make use of the live models. Shortage of money led to van Goghs undernourishment and acute physical distress. When van Gogh enrolled at the Academy in January 1886, he had just finished drawings that one day would be compared to the masters. Although willing to learn, he astonished fellow students by refusing to abandon the rapidity and boldness of his own methods.Possibly because of this, he was downgraded to the beginner class and consequently he left for Paris to live with his brother. .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596 , .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596 .postImageUrl , .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596 , .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596:hover , .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596:visited , .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596:active { border:0!important; } .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596:active , .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596 .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Remember the Titans Paper Sample Essay It was through his brother Theo and an art gallery devoted to living artists that he discovered the Impressionists, and became familiar with the new art movements developing at the time. Before Paris, van Gogh had not even known who the Impressionists were.He admired pictures by Degas andMonet and through Toulouse-Lautrec he was in touch with the local members of the art world. He was also influenced by Japanese print makers.The Impressionists discovered Japanese prints long before van Goghs arrival. These prints influenced him in his use of harmonized color.Van Gogh pinned them on his walls, and they appear in the background of some of his paintings. While refining his technique as painter in Paris, the home of the Impressionist school, he soon found that his real affinity was not for this school but for three men who had left their company to carry the torch of revolt a step further: for Cezanne, usually considered the most monstrous painter among the outcasts, for Gauguin, under the combined influence of Cezanne and of the Orient; and for Seraut, obsessed with experimental vision of art. Until 1886, he had only known the Dutch painters and a handful of French landscape painters including Millet and the Barbizon group. Now, for the first time, he saw work by Delacroix (whom he later said had more influence on him than the Impressionists) and by Pissaro, Czanne, Renoir and Sisley. Light, color and brilliance burst upon him. He went about the streets with a palette of bright colors, as delighted by the cosmopolitan bustle of the city as Manet, Monet, Renoir, and the others had been twenty years before him.Van G oghs Impressionist phase lasted two years. Although it was vitally important for his development, he had to integrate it with the style of his earlier years before his genius could fully unfold. Paris opened his eyes to the senses and beauty of the visible world and taught him the pictorial language of the color patch, but painting continued to be a vessel for his personal emotions. To investigate this spiritual reality with the ne!w means at this command, he went to Arles in the south of France. It was there, between 1888 and 1889, that he produced his greatest pictures.While Czanne and Seurat were making a more severe, classical art out of the impressionists style, van Gogh felt Impressionist art was pretty decorations and did nothing to evoke the sorrow of the human soul. He led the way in a different direction. He believed that impressionism did not allow the artist enough freedom to express his inner feelings. Since this was his main concern, he is sometimes called an expressio nist.Expressionism is the idea of emotional spontaneity in painting. The portrait of Dr. Gachet is a perfect example of his melancholy, proto-Expressionist late work.By setting certain colors side by side he achieved effects of unearthly splendor. To color he brought dignity and form, the opposite of the abstractions into which Monet was heading and which seemed the inevitable limit of Impressionist techniques. Van Gogh thought it was the color, not the form, that determined the expressive content of his pictures.Three painters of genius emerged, overlapping the Impressionists in time and manner, whose names have become synonymous with the post-Impressionists movement: Cezanne, Gauguin, and van Gogh. Between them they set European painting on a path which turned Impressionism into something solid and durable, like the art of the museums, a return in effect, to the main stream, but with minds alight with discovery and purpose. These three, as well as Mile Bernard who was a friend of van Gogh, all believed in the importance of color!to express the state of mind of the model represented.Work of the Post-Impressionists reveals a freely expressive use of color and form. In 1888, while living at Arles, he began to use the swirling brush strokes and intense yellows, greens, and blues. He loved bright colors especially yellow because of the sun which was bright in southern France and he painted what he saw and felt.He painted in colors with bright hues and high value.Vincent would sometimes put paints on his canvas with his palette knife or right from the tube and mix it around with his fingers which would make it quite coarse. In Arles he attached the greatest importance to his portraits, although he also painted many landscapes.Later, in 1890, he devoted his main energy to landscape painting. In southern France van Gogh lived for a time with Paul Gauguin, whom he had met in Paris. But after two months they had violent arguments, culminating in a quarrel in which va n Gogh threatened Gauguin with a razor. The same night, in a deep remorse, van Gogh cut off part of his own ear. This episode marked the beginning of a periodic insanity that plagued him until his death. On May 8, 1889, he was admitted to St. Rmy Hospital as a voluntary patient. Dr. Peyron interviewed him and entered in the register that van Gogh Suffers from fits which last from fifteen days to a month. During these fits the patient is victim to terrifying terrors and on several occasions has attempted to poison himself.During the intervals between fits he is perfectly quiet and paints ardently.He was possibly having a seizure when he threatened to kill Paul Gauguin. Since his death, investigators have come to feel that his fits were due to epilepsy.Despairing of a cure and fearing !he would no longer be able to paint, van Gogh committed suicide in July 1890. He felt very deeply that art alone made his life worth living. We know a good deal about his inner life as a result of a mas sive, stirring and deeply moving autobiography in the form of hundreds of letters written to his brother Theo.The letters he sent to his brother include many eloquent descriptions of his choice of hues and the emotional meaning he attached to them. In one of his letters to Theo he wrote the following: I do not intend to spare myself, nor to avoid emotions or difficulties Idont care much whether I live a longer or shorter timeThe world concernsme insofar as I feel a certain indebtedness and duty toward it because I have walked this earth for thirty years, and, out of gratitude, want toleave some souvenir in the shape of drawings and pictures not made to pleasea certain taste in art, but to express a sincere human feeling. I feel that he succeeded.

Using An Extracurricular Essay Sample

Using An Extracurricular Essay SampleThe first question that arises from any essay sample is what type of student it is. Normally you'll find a lot of different essay samples and students' essays that are not only similar but also inter-related. There is not one student who has the same 'intellectual style' or writing ability as anyone else's essay sample.It is important that you get an essay sample from the school or college where you are going to be taking the course that you are studying. In this way, you will be able to figure out whether your essay will be compatible with the style of writing that you are going to be doing. You may also get an idea on how to make your essay unique in terms of the topics you are going to talk about.Having an essay sample will give you a clear idea about how the writer is going to write and how the content will be arranged. In other words, you can be able to spot the areas where you need to revise and adjust your essay. This is very important beca use it will enable you to write an essay that will not only be great, but also powerful. A good essay is not merely the culmination of the writer's efforts.If you are not able to get an essay sample at the school or college where you are going to be writing your essay, then there is really no problem. However, the internet is certainly an option for you. There are many sites which offer essays in different formats. They have the potential to help you determine whether the topic you are going to be discussing is suitable for the essay you are going to write.It is always important that you pick an essay sample that is relevant to the topic that you are going to be writing. If the topic of your essay is your high school studies, you will probably be able to locate various essays on the topic. The essays you will find will be the sort that you have to work on.In fact, some essay samples are difficult to decipher from each other. This means that you will not be able to easily determine w hether you need to write something different or not. This is why it is important that you know what kind of essay you are writing before you get started. This will enable you to start working in the right direction.You will also need to use original sources wherever possible. This means that you will have to do a lot of research and compare information with the essay sample you are going to use. You should also make sure that you do not plagiarize. A common technique that people resort to when they think that they are going to be violating the rules is to turn their essay sample into a 'rehash' of the original idea.Another way that you can determine whether or not you are using an essay sample that is appropriate for the topic that you are writing is to study the style and vocabulary used by other writers. Many writers who have gone through the process of writing a textbook or an essay sample before will be able to give you ideas about the style that they use. It will also be a good idea for you to gather as much literature as you can about the essay topic that you are going to write. It will help you know whether the topic is a good fit for your subject.